Changes between Initial Version and Version 1 of THU120907/Lab4

Timestamp:

Sep 6, 2012, 11:42:48 PM (12 years ago)

Author:

jazz

Comment:

--

THU120907/Lab4

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+[[PageOutline]]
+
+◢ <[wiki:THU120907/Lab3 實作三]> | <[wiki:THU120907 回課程大綱]> ▲ | <[wiki:THU120907/Lab5 實作五]> ◣
+
+= 實作四 Lab 4 =
+
+{{{
+#!html
+<div style="text-align: center;"><big style="font-weight: bold;"><big>HDFS 叢集環境操作練習<br/>HDFS full distributed mode in practice</big></big></div>
+}}}
+
+{{{
+#!text
+以下練習，請連線至 hadoop.nchc.org.tw 操作。底下的 hXXXX 等於您的用戶名稱。
+}}}
+
+== Content 1: HDFS Shell 基本操作 ==
+== Content 1: Basic HDFS Shell Commands ==
+
+=== 1.1 瀏覽你HDFS目錄 ===
+=== 1.1 Browsing Your HDFS Folder ===
+
+{{{
+~$ hadoop fs -ls
+Found 1 items
+drwxr-xr-x   - hXXXX supergroup          0 2010-01-24 17:23 /user/hXXXX/tmp
+~$ hadoop fs -lsr
+drwxr-xr-x   - hXXXX supergroup          0 2010-01-24 17:23 /user/hXXXX/tmp
+}}}
+
+=== 1.2 上傳資料到 HDFS 目錄 ===
+=== 1.2 Upload Files or Folder to HDFS ===
+
+ * 上傳 Upload
+
+{{{
+~$ hadoop fs -put /etc/hadoop/conf input
+}}} 
+
+ * 檢查 Check
+
+{{{
+~$ hadoop fs -ls
+Found 2 items
+drwxr-xr-x   - hXXXX supergroup          0 2011-04-19 09:16 /user/hXXXX/input
+drwxr-xr-x   - hXXXX supergroup          0 2010-01-24 17:23 /user/hXXXX/tmp
+~$ hadoop fs -ls input
+Found 25 items
+-rw-r--r--   2 hXXXX supergroup        321 2011-04-19 09:16 /user/hXXXX/input/README
+-rw-r--r--   2 hXXXX supergroup       3936 2011-04-19 09:16 /user/hXXXX/input/capacity-scheduler.xml
+-rw-r--r--   2 hXXXX supergroup        196 2011-04-19 09:16 /user/hXXXX/input/commons-logging.properties
+(.... skip ....)
+}}}
+ 
+=== 1.3 下載 HDFS 的資料到本地目錄 ===
+=== 1.3 Download HDFS Files or Folder to Local ===
+
+ * 下載 Download
+
+{{{
+~$ hadoop fs -get input fromHDFS
+}}} 
+
+ * 檢查 Check
+{{{
+~$ ls -al | grep fromHDFS
+drwxr-xr-x    2 hXXXX hXXXX  4096 2011-04-19 09:18 fromHDFS
+~$ ls -al fromHDFS
+總計 160
+drwxr-xr-x 2 hXXXX hXXXX  4096 2011-04-19 09:18 .
+drwx--x--x 3 hXXXX hXXXX  4096 2011-04-19 09:18 ..
+-rw-r--r-- 1 hXXXX hXXXX  3936 2011-04-19 09:18 capacity-scheduler.xml
+-rw-r--r-- 1 hXXXX hXXXX   196 2011-04-19 09:18 commons-logging.properties
+-rw-r--r-- 1 hXXXX hXXXX   535 2011-04-19 09:18 configuration.xsl
+(.... skip ....)
+~$ diff /etc/hadoop/conf fromHDFS/
+}}}  
+
+=== 1.4 刪除檔案 ===
+=== 1.4 Remove Files or Folder ===
+
+{{{
+~$ hadoop fs -ls input/masters
+Found 1 items
+-rw-r--r--   2 hXXXX supergroup         10 2011-04-19 09:16 /user/hXXXX/input/masters
+~$ hadoop fs -rm input/masters
+Deleted hdfs://hadoop.nchc.org.tw/user/hXXXX/input/masters
+}}} 
+
+=== 1.5 直接看檔案 ===
+=== 1.5 Browse Files Directly ===
+
+{{{
+~$ hadoop fs -ls input/slaves
+Found 1 items
+-rw-r--r--   2 hXXXX supergroup         10 2011-04-19 09:16 /user/hXXXX/input/slaves
+~$ hadoop fs -cat input/slaves
+localhost
+}}} 
+
+=== 1.6 更多指令操作 ===
+=== 1.6 More Commands -- Help message ===
+
+{{{
+hXXXX@hadoop:~$ hadoop fs 
+
+Usage: java FsShell
+           [-ls <path>]
+           [-lsr <path>]
+           [-du <path>]
+           [-dus <path>]
+           [-count[-q] <path>]
+           [-mv <src> <dst>]
+           [-cp <src> <dst>]
+           [-rm <path>]
+           [-rmr <path>]
+           [-expunge]
+           [-put <localsrc> ... <dst>]
+           [-copyFromLocal <localsrc> ... <dst>]
+           [-moveFromLocal <localsrc> ... <dst>]
+           [-get [-ignoreCrc] [-crc] <src> <localdst>]
+           [-getmerge <src> <localdst> [addnl]]
+           [-cat <src>]
+           [-text <src>]
+           [-copyToLocal [-ignoreCrc] [-crc] <src> <localdst>]
+           [-moveToLocal [-crc] <src> <localdst>]
+           [-mkdir <path>]
+           [-setrep [-R] [-w] <rep> <path/file>]
+           [-touchz <path>]
+           [-test -[ezd] <path>]
+           [-stat [format] <path>]
+           [-tail [-f] <file>]
+           [-chmod [-R] <MODE[,MODE]... | OCTALMODE> PATH...]
+           [-chown [-R] [OWNER][:[GROUP]] PATH...]
+           [-chgrp [-R] GROUP PATH...]
+           [-help [cmd]]
+
+Generic options supported are
+-conf <configuration file>     specify an application configuration file
+-D <property=value>            use value for given property
+-fs <local|namenode:port>      specify a namenode
+-jt <local|jobtracker:port>    specify a job tracker
+-files <comma separated list of files>    specify comma separated files to be copied to the map reduce cluster
+-libjars <comma separated list of jars>    specify comma separated jar files to include in the classpath.
+-archives <comma separated list of archives>    specify comma separated archives to be unarchived on the compute machines.
+The general command line syntax is
+hadoop command [genericOptions] [commandOptions]
+}}}  
+ 
+== Content 2: 使用網頁 GUI 瀏覽資訊 ==
+== Content 2: User Web GUI to browse HDFS ==
+ 
+ * [http://hadoop.nchc.org.tw:50030 JobTracker Web Interface]
+ * [http://hadoop.nchc.org.tw:50070 NameNode Web Interface]
+ 
+== Content 3: 更多 HDFS Shell 的用法 ==
+== Content 3: More about HDFS Shell ==
+ 
+ * hadoop fs <args> ，下面則列出 <args> 的用法[[BR]]Following are the examples of hadoop fs related commands.
+ * 以下操作預設的目錄在 /user/<$username>/ 下[[BR]]By default, your working directory will be at /user/<$username>/.
+{{{
+$ hadoop fs -ls input
+Found 25 items
+-rw-r--r--   2 hXXXX supergroup        321 2011-04-19 09:16 /user/hXXXX/input/README
+-rw-r--r--   2 hXXXX supergroup       3936 2011-04-19 09:16 /user/hXXXX/input/capacity-scheduler.xml
+-rw-r--r--   2 hXXXX supergroup        196 2011-04-19 09:16 /user/hXXXX/input/commons-logging.properties
+(.... skip ....)
+}}}
+ * 完整的路徑則是 '''hdfs://node:port/path''' 如：[[BR]]Or you have to give a __''absolute path''__, such as '''hdfs://node:port/path'''
+{{{
+$ hadoop fs -ls hdfs://hadoop.nchc.org.tw/user/hXXXX/input
+Found 25 items
+-rw-r--r--   2 hXXXX supergroup        321 2011-04-19 09:16 /user/hXXXX/input/README
+-rw-r--r--   2 hXXXX supergroup       3936 2011-04-19 09:16 /user/hXXXX/input/capacity-scheduler.xml
+-rw-r--r--   2 hXXXX supergroup        196 2011-04-19 09:16 /user/hXXXX/input/commons-logging.properties
+(.... skip ....)
+}}}
+
+=== -cat  === 
+
+ * 將路徑指定文件的內容輸出到 STDOUT [[BR]] Print given file content to STDOUT
+{{{
+$ hadoop fs -cat input/hadoop-env.sh
+}}} 
+
+=== -chgrp  ===
+
+ * 改變文件所屬的組 [[BR]] Change '''owner group''' of given file or folder
+{{{
+$ hadoop fs -ls
+Found 2 items
+drwxr-xr-x   - hXXXX supergroup          0 2011-04-19 09:16 /user/hXXXX/input
+drwxr-xr-x   - hXXXX supergroup          0 2010-01-24 17:23 /user/hXXXX/tmp
+$ hadoop fs -chgrp -R ${USER} input
+$ hadoop fs -ls
+Found 2 items
+drwxr-xr-x   - hXXXX hXXXX               0 2011-04-19 09:21 /user/hXXXX/input
+drwxr-xr-x   - hXXXX supergroup          0 2010-01-24 17:23 /user/hXXXX/tmp
+}}}
+
+=== -chmod === 
+
+ * 改變文件的權限 [[BR]] Change '''read and write permission''' of given file or folder
+{{{
+$ hadoop fs -ls
+Found 2 items
+drwxr-xr-x   - hXXXX hXXXX               0 2011-04-19 09:21 /user/hXXXX/input
+drwxr-xr-x   - hXXXX supergroup          0 2010-01-24 17:23 /user/hXXXX/tmp
+$ hadoop fs -chmod -R 755 input
+$ hadoop fs -ls
+Found 2 items
+drwxrwxrwx   - hXXXX hXXXX               0 2011-04-19 09:21 /user/hXXXX/input
+drwxr-xr-x   - hXXXX supergroup          0 2010-01-24 17:23 /user/hXXXX/tmp
+}}}
+
+=== -chown ===
+
+ * 改變文件的擁有者 [[BR]] Change '''owner''' of given file or folder
+{{{
+$ hadoop fs -chown -R ${USER} input
+}}}
+ * 注意：因為在 hadoop.nchc.org.tw 上您沒有管理者權限，因此若要改成其他使用者時，會看到類似以下的錯誤訊息：
+ * Note: Since you don't have the super user permission, you will see error message as following:
+{{{
+$ hadoop fs -chown -R h1000 input
+chown: changing ownership of 'hdfs://hadoop.nchc.org.tw/user/hXXXX/input':org.apache.hadoop.security.AccessControlException: Non-super user cannot change owner.
+}}}
+
+=== -copyFromLocal, -put ===
+
+ * 從 local 放檔案到 hdfs [[BR]] Both commands will copy given file or folder from local to HDFS
+{{{
+$ hadoop fs -copyFromLocal /etc/hadoop/conf dfs_input
+}}}
+
+=== -copyToLocal, -get ===
+
+ * 把hdfs上得檔案下載到 local [[BR]] Both commands will copy given file or folder from HDFS to local
+{{{
+$ hadoop fs -copyToLocal dfs_input input1
+}}}
+
+=== -cp ===
+
+ * 將文件從 hdfs 原本路徑複製到 hdfs 目標路徑 [[BR]] Copy given file or folder from HDFS source path to HDFS target path
+{{{
+$ hadoop fs -cp input input1
+}}}
+
+=== -du ===
+
+ * 顯示目錄中所有文件的大小 [[BR]] Display the size of files in given folder
+{{{
+$ hadoop fs -du input
+Found 24 items
+321         hdfs://hadoop.nchc.org.tw/user/hXXXX/input/README
+3936        hdfs://hadoop.nchc.org.tw/user/hXXXX/input/capacity-scheduler.xml
+196         hdfs://hadoop.nchc.org.tw/user/hXXXX/input/commons-logging.properties
+( .... skip .... )
+}}}
+
+=== -dus ===
+
+ * 顯示該目錄/文件的總大小 [[BR]] Display total size of given folder
+{{{
+$ hadoop fs -dus input
+hdfs://hadoop.nchc.org.tw/user/hXXXX/input      84218
+}}}
+
+=== -expunge ===
+
+ * 清空垃圾桶 [[BR]] Clean up Recycled
+{{{
+$ hadoop fs -expunge
+}}}
+
+=== -getmerge ===
+
+ * 將來源目錄<src>下所有的文件都集合到本地端一個<localdst>檔案內 [[BR]] Merge all files in HDFS source folder <src> into one local file
+{{{
+$ hadoop fs -getmerge <src> <localdst> 
+}}}
+{{{
+$ mkdir -p in1
+$ echo "this is one; " >> in1/input
+$ echo "this is two; " >> in1/input2
+$ hadoop fs -put in1 in1
+$ hadoop fs -getmerge in1 merge.txt
+$ cat ./merge.txt
+}}}
+ * 您應該會看到類似底下的結果：[[BR]]You should see results like this:
+{{{
+this is one; 
+this is two;
+}}}
+
+=== -ls ===
+
+ * 列出文件或目錄的資訊 [[BR]] List files and folders
+ * 文件名 <副本數> 文件大小 修改日期 修改時間 權限 用戶ID 組ID  [[BR]] <file name> <replication> <size> <modified date> <modified time> <permission> <user id> <group id>
+ * 目錄名 <dir> 修改日期 修改時間 權限 用戶ID 組ID [[BR]] <folder name> <modified date> <modified time> <permission> <user id> <group id>
+{{{
+$ hadoop fs -ls
+Found 5 items
+drwxr-xr-x   - hXXXX supergroup          0 2011-04-19 09:32 /user/hXXXX/dfs_input
+drwxr-xr-x   - hXXXX supergroup          0 2011-04-19 09:34 /user/hXXXX/in1
+drwxrwxrwx   - hXXXX hXXXX               0 2011-04-19 09:21 /user/hXXXX/input
+drwxr-xr-x   - hXXXX supergroup          0 2011-04-19 09:33 /user/hXXXX/input1
+drwxr-xr-x   - hXXXX supergroup          0 2010-01-24 17:23 /user/hXXXX/tmp
+}}}
+
+=== -lsr ===
+
+ * ls 命令的遞迴版本 [[BR]] list files and folders with recursive
+{{{
+$ hadoop fs -lsr in1
+-rw-r--r--   2 hXXXX supergroup         14 2011-04-19 09:34 /user/hXXXX/in1/input
+-rw-r--r--   2 hXXXX supergroup         14 2011-04-19 09:34 /user/hXXXX/in1/input2
+}}}
+
+=== -mkdir ===
+
+ * 建立資料夾 [[BR]] create directories
+{{{
+$ hadoop fs -mkdir a b c
+}}}
+
+=== -moveFromLocal ===
+
+ * 將 local 端的資料夾剪下移動到 hdfs 上 [[BR]] move local files or folder to HDFS ( it will delete local files or folder. )
+{{{
+$ hadoop fs -moveFromLocal in1 in2
+}}}
+
+=== -mv ===
+
+ * 更改資料的名稱 [[BR]] Change file name or folder name.
+{{{
+$ hadoop fs -mv in2 in3
+}}}
+
+=== -rm ===
+
+ * 刪除指定的檔案（不可資料夾）[[BR]] Remove given files (not folders)
+{{{
+$ hadoop fs -rm in1/input
+Deleted hdfs://hadoop.nchc.org.tw/user/hXXXX/in1/input
+}}}
+=== -rmr ===
+
+ * 遞迴刪除資料夾（包含在內的所有檔案） [[BR]] Remove given files and folders with recursive
+{{{
+$ hadoop fs -rmr a b c dfs_input in3 input input1
+Deleted hdfs://hadoop.nchc.org.tw/user/hXXXX/a
+Deleted hdfs://hadoop.nchc.org.tw/user/hXXXX/b
+Deleted hdfs://hadoop.nchc.org.tw/user/hXXXX/c
+Deleted hdfs://hadoop.nchc.org.tw/user/hXXXX/dfs_input
+Deleted hdfs://hadoop.nchc.org.tw/user/hXXXX/in3
+Deleted hdfs://hadoop.nchc.org.tw/user/hXXXX/input
+Deleted hdfs://hadoop.nchc.org.tw/user/hXXXX/input1
+}}}
+
+=== -setrep ===
+
+ * 設定副本係數 [[BR]] setup replication numbers of given files or folder
+{{{
+$ hadoop fs -setrep [-R] [-w] <rep> <path/file>
+}}}
+{{{
+$ hadoop fs -setrep -w 2 -R in1
+Replication 2 set: hdfs://hadoop.nchc.org.tw/user/hXXXX/in1/input2
+Waiting for hdfs://hadoop.nchc.org.tw/user/hXXXX/in1/input2 ... done
+}}}
+
+=== -stat ===
+
+ * 印出時間資訊 [[BR]] Print Status of time stamp of folder
+{{{
+$ hadoop fs -stat in1
+2011-04-19 09:34:49
+}}}
+=== -tail ===
+
+ * 將文件的最後 1K 內容輸出 [[BR]] Display the last 1K contents of given file
+ * 用法  Usage
+{{{
+hadoop fs -tail [-f] 檔案 (-f 參數用來顯示如果檔案增大，則秀出被append上得內容)
+hadoop fs -tail [-f] <path/file> (-f is used when file had appended)
+}}}
+{{{
+$ hadoop fs -tail in1/input2
+this is two; 
+}}}
+
+=== -test ===
+
+ * 測試檔案， -e 檢查文件是否存在(1=存在, 0＝否)， -z 檢查文件是否為空(1=空, 0＝不為空)， -d 檢查是否為目錄(1=存在, 0＝否) [[BR]] test files or folders [[BR]] -e : check if file or folder existed ( 1 = exist , 0 = false )[[BR]] -z : check if file is empty ( 1 = empty , 0 = false ) [[BR]] -d : check if given path is folder ( 1 = it's folder , 0 = false )
+   * 要用 echo $? 來看回傳值為 0 or 1 [[BR]] You have to use '''echo $?''' to get the return value
+ * 用法 Usage
+{{{
+$ hadoop fs -test -[ezd] URI
+}}}
+ 
+{{{
+$ hadoop fs -test -e in1/input2
+$ echo $?
+0
+$ hadoop fs -test -z in1/input3
+$ echo $?
+1
+$ hadoop fs -test -d in1/input2
+$ echo $?
+1
+}}}
+
+=== -text ===
+
+ * 將檔案（如壓縮檔, textrecordinputstream）輸出為純文字格式 [[BR]] Display archive file contents into STDOUT
+{{{
+$ hadoop fs -text <src>
+}}}
+{{{
+$ gzip merge.txt
+$ hadoop fs -put merge.txt.gz .
+$ hadoop fs -text merge.txt.gz
+11/04/19 09:54:16 INFO util.NativeCodeLoader: Loaded the native-hadoop library
+11/04/19 09:54:16 INFO zlib.ZlibFactory: Successfully loaded & initialized native-zlib library
+this is one; 
+this is two; 
+}}}
+ * ps : 目前沒支援zip的函式庫 [[BR]] PS. It does not support zip files yet.
+{{{
+$ gunzip merge.txt.gz
+$ zip merge.zip merge.txt
+$ hadoop fs -put merge.zip .
+$ hadoop fs -text merge.zip
+PK�N�>E73       merge.txtUT     ���Mq��Mux
+                                           ��+��,V���Tk�(��<�PK�N�>E73  ��merge.txtUT���Mux
+                              ��PKOY
+}}}
+
+=== -touchz ===
+
+ * 建立一個空文件 [[BR]] creat an empty file
+{{{
+$ hadoop fs -touchz in1/kk
+$ hadoop fs -test -z in1/kk
+$ echo $?
+0
+}}}
+
+----
+
+ * 您可以用以下指令把以上練習產生的暫存目錄與檔案清除：[[BR]]You can clean up the temporary folders and files using following command: 
+{{{
+~$ hadoop fs -rmr in1 merge.txt.gz merge.zip
+~$ rm -rf input1/ fromHDFS/ merge.zip
+}}}