Changes between Initial Version and Version 1 of III110813/Lab3

Timestamp:

Oct 21, 2011, 1:04:41 PM (14 years ago)

Author:

jazz

Comment:

--

III110813/Lab3

@@ +1 @@
+[[PageOutline]]
+
+◢ <[wiki:III110813/Lab2 實作一]> | <[wiki:III110813 回課程大綱]> ▲ | <[wiki:III110813/Lab4 實作四]> ◣
+
+= 實作三 Lab3 =
+
+{{{
+#!html
+<div style="text-align: center;"><big style="font-weight: bold;"><big>HDFS 單機操作練習<br/>HDFS in Practice</big></big></div>
+}}}
+
+== 0. 啟動 Hadoop4Win ==
+
+ * STEP 1 : 請在「開始功能表」依序點選以下捷徑
+  * [[BR]][[Image(Hadoop4Win:hadoop4win-installer_11.jpg)]]
+ * STEP 2 ：首先點選 start-hadoop 來啟動 Hadoop 的服務（跑在獨立的 CMD 視窗中）
+  * '''注意'''：必須看到 Safe Mode is OFF 才算正常啟動完畢。
+  * [[BR]][[Image(Hadoop4Win:hadoop4win_29.jpg,width=800)]]
+ * STEP 3 ：其次點選 NameNode Web UI 用瀏覽器開啟 http://localhost:50070 的頁面，確認 NameNode 正常開啟，可以正常顯示如下畫面：
+  * '''注意'''：必須有一個 Live Node 才算是正常。
+  * [[BR]][[Image(Hadoop4Win:hadoop4win_10.jpg,width=800)]]
+ * STEP 4 ：接著點選 JobTracker Web UI 用瀏覽器開啟 http://localhost:50030 的頁面，確認 JobTracker 正常開啟，可以正常顯示如下畫面：
+  * '''注意'''：狀態必須是 RUNNING 才算是正常。
+  * [[BR]][[Image(Hadoop4Win:hadoop4win_11.jpg,width=800)]]
+ * STEP 5 : 最後點選 hadoop4win 來啟動 hadoop4win 的 Cygwin 視窗，用以輸入後續的指令。
+  * [[BR]][[Image(Hadoop4Win:hadoop4win_20.jpg,width=800)]]
+
+== 1. HDFS 指令練習 ==
+
+=== 1.1 瀏覽您的 HDFS 目錄 ===
+
+ * 首先，您可以使用 hadoop fs -ls 指令來瀏覽您的 HDFS 目錄
+{{{
+Jazz@human ~
+$ hadoop fs -ls
+Found 1 items
+drwxr-xr-x   - Jazz supergroup          0 2011-09-14 12:50 /user/Jazz/tmp
+}}}
+
+=== 1.2 上傳資料到 HDFS 目錄 ===
+
+ * 接著，讓我們來練習如何上傳資料到 HDFS 目錄。這裡我們使用的是 /opt/hadoop/conf 當作來源目錄，/user/${使用者名稱}/input 當作目標目錄。
+ * '''注意'''：由於 Windows 版的 Hadoop 運行於 Cygwin 中，然而 Cygwin 的路徑是虛擬路徑，JRE（Java Runtime Environment）只認識 Windows 目錄路徑，因此倘若您遇到類似底下的錯誤訊息，請加上 cygpath -w 來轉換 Cygwin 路徑到 Windows 路徑。
+{{{
+Jazz@human ~
+$ hadoop fs -put /opt/hadoop/conf input
+put: File /opt/hadoop/conf does not exist.
+Jazz@human ~
+$ hadoop fs -put $(cygpath -w /opt/hadoop/conf) input
+}}} 
+
+ * 我們可以使用 hadoop fs -ls 來檢查剛剛上傳的檔案
+{{{
+Jazz@human ~
+$ hadoop fs -ls
+Found 2 items
+drwxr-xr-x   - Jazz supergroup          0 2011-10-21 11:45 /user/Jazz/input
+drwxr-xr-x   - Jazz supergroup          0 2011-09-14 12:50 /user/Jazz/tmp
+
+Jazz@human ~
+$ hadoop fs -ls input
+Found 13 items
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz supergroup       3936 2011-10-21 11:45 /user/Jazz/input/capacity-scheduler.xml
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz supergroup        535 2011-10-21 11:45 /user/Jazz/input/configuration.xsl
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz supergroup        326 2011-10-21 11:45 /user/Jazz/input/core-site.xml
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz supergroup       2409 2011-10-21 11:45 /user/Jazz/input/hadoop-env.sh
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz supergroup       1245 2011-10-21 11:45 /user/Jazz/input/hadoop-metrics.properties
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz supergroup       4190 2011-10-21 11:45 /user/Jazz/input/hadoop-policy.xml
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz supergroup        196 2011-10-21 11:45 /user/Jazz/input/hdfs-site.xml
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz supergroup       2815 2011-10-21 11:45 /user/Jazz/input/log4j.properties
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz supergroup        212 2011-10-21 11:45 /user/Jazz/input/mapred-site.xml
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz supergroup         10 2011-10-21 11:45 /user/Jazz/input/masters
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz supergroup         10 2011-10-21 11:45 /user/Jazz/input/slaves
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz supergroup       1243 2011-10-21 11:45 /user/Jazz/input/ssl-client.xml.example
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz supergroup       1195 2011-10-21 11:45 /user/Jazz/input/ssl-server.xml.example
+}}}
+ 
+=== 1.3 下載 HDFS 的資料到本地目錄 ===
+
+ * 接著讓我們來練習如何透過指令從 HDFS 下載資料到本地目錄
+{{{
+Jazz@human ~
+$ hadoop fs -get input fromHDFS
+}}} 
+
+ * 您可以透過 diff 指令來檢查剛剛上傳的內容與下載下來的內容是否一致
+{{{
+Jazz@human ~
+$ diff -Naur fromHDFS/ /opt/hadoop/conf
+}}}  
+
+=== 1.4 刪除 HDFS 上的檔案 ===
+
+ * 您可以透過 hadoop fs -rm 來刪除 HDFS 上的單一檔案
+{{{
+Jazz@human ~
+$ hadoop fs -rm input/masters
+Deleted hdfs://localhost:9000/user/Jazz/input/masters
+}}} 
+ * 倘若您欲刪除的是目錄，請使用 hadoop fs -rmr 來刪除 HDFS 上的目錄
+{{{
+Jazz@human ~
+$ hadoop fs -rmr tmp
+Deleted hdfs://localhost:9000/user/Jazz/tmp
+}}}
+
+=== 1.5 傾印 HDFS 上的檔案內容 ===
+
+ * 有時，如果只是想要查閱 HDFS 上的檔案內容，可以使用 hdfs fs -cat 來傾印（dump）檔案內容。
+{{{
+Jazz@human ~
+$ hadoop fs -cat input/slaves
+localhost
+}}} 
+
+=== 1.6 更多 HDFS 指令操作 ===
+
+ * HDFS 支援的所有指令可以透過以下方式取得列表：
+{{{
+Jazz@human ~
+$ hadoop fs
+Usage: java FsShell
+           [-ls <path>]
+           [-lsr <path>]
+           [-du <path>]
+           [-dus <path>]
+           [-count[-q] <path>]
+           [-mv <src> <dst>]
+           [-cp <src> <dst>]
+           [-rm [-skipTrash] <path>]
+           [-rmr [-skipTrash] <path>]
+           [-expunge]
+           [-put <localsrc> ... <dst>]
+           [-copyFromLocal <localsrc> ... <dst>]
+           [-moveFromLocal <localsrc> ... <dst>]
+           [-get [-ignoreCrc] [-crc] <src> <localdst>]
+           [-getmerge <src> <localdst> [addnl]]
+           [-cat <src>]
+           [-text <src>]
+           [-copyToLocal [-ignoreCrc] [-crc] <src> <localdst>]
+           [-moveToLocal [-crc] <src> <localdst>]
+           [-mkdir <path>]
+           [-setrep [-R] [-w] <rep> <path/file>]
+           [-touchz <path>]
+           [-test -[ezd] <path>]
+           [-stat [format] <path>]
+           [-tail [-f] <file>]
+           [-chmod [-R] <MODE[,MODE]... | OCTALMODE> PATH...]
+           [-chown [-R] [OWNER][:[GROUP]] PATH...]
+           [-chgrp [-R] GROUP PATH...]
+           [-help [cmd]]
+
+Generic options supported are
+-conf <configuration file>     specify an application configuration file
+-D <property=value>            use value for given property
+-fs <local|namenode:port>      specify a namenode
+-jt <local|jobtracker:port>    specify a job tracker
+-files <comma separated list of files>    specify comma separated files to be copied to the map reduce cluster
+-libjars <comma separated list of jars>    specify comma separated jar files to include in the classpath.
+-archives <comma separated list of archives>    specify comma separated archives to be unarchived on the compute machines.
+
+The general command line syntax is
+bin/hadoop command [genericOptions] [commandOptions]
+}}} 
+ 
+== 2. 使用網頁介面來瀏覽 HDFS 的內容資訊 ==
+ 
+ * 您亦可透過調閱 [http://localhost:50070 NameNode] 的頁面來查詢方才上傳的檔案內容與 Block Size、File Size、Block Location、Rack Location 等資訊。
+ 
+== 3. 更多 HDFS shell 的用法 == 
+ 
+=== -ls ===
+
+ * -ls 的操作預設目錄在 /user/${username}/ 下，意思就是您使用的是相對於 /user/${username} 的「相對路徑」
+{{{
+Jazz@human ~
+$ hadoop fs -ls input
+Found 13 items
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz supergroup       3936 2011-10-21 11:45 /user/Jazz/input/capacity-scheduler.xml
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz supergroup        535 2011-10-21 11:45 /user/Jazz/input/configuration.xsl
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz supergroup        326 2011-10-21 11:45 /user/Jazz/input/core-site.xml
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz supergroup       2409 2011-10-21 11:45 /user/Jazz/input/hadoop-env.sh
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz supergroup       1245 2011-10-21 11:45 /user/Jazz/input/hadoop-metrics.properties
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz supergroup       4190 2011-10-21 11:45 /user/Jazz/input/hadoop-policy.xml
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz supergroup        196 2011-10-21 11:45 /user/Jazz/input/hdfs-site.xml
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz supergroup       2815 2011-10-21 11:45 /user/Jazz/input/log4j.properties
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz supergroup        212 2011-10-21 11:45 /user/Jazz/input/mapred-site.xml
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz supergroup         10 2011-10-21 11:45 /user/Jazz/input/slaves
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz supergroup       1243 2011-10-21 11:45 /user/Jazz/input/ssl-client.xml.example
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz supergroup       1195 2011-10-21 11:45 /user/Jazz/input/ssl-server.xml.example
+}}}
+ * 當然您也可以指定「完整路徑」，採用 '''hdfs://node:port/path''' 這種格式。
+{{{
+Jazz@human ~
+$ hadoop fs -ls hdfs://localhost:9000/user/${USER}/input
+Found 12 items
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz supergroup       3936 2011-10-21 11:45 /user/Jazz/input/capacity-scheduler.xml
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz supergroup        535 2011-10-21 11:45 /user/Jazz/input/configuration.xsl
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz supergroup        326 2011-10-21 11:45 /user/Jazz/input/core-site.xml
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz supergroup       2409 2011-10-21 11:45 /user/Jazz/input/hadoop-env.sh
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz supergroup       1245 2011-10-21 11:45 /user/Jazz/input/hadoop-metrics.properties
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz supergroup       4190 2011-10-21 11:45 /user/Jazz/input/hadoop-policy.xml
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz supergroup        196 2011-10-21 11:45 /user/Jazz/input/hdfs-site.xml
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz supergroup       2815 2011-10-21 11:45 /user/Jazz/input/log4j.properties
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz supergroup        212 2011-10-21 11:45 /user/Jazz/input/mapred-site.xml
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz supergroup         10 2011-10-21 11:45 /user/Jazz/input/slaves
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz supergroup       1243 2011-10-21 11:45 /user/Jazz/input/ssl-client.xml.example
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz supergroup       1195 2011-10-21 11:45 /user/Jazz/input/ssl-server.xml.example
+}}}
+
+=== -cat  ===
+
+ * 將路徑指定文件的內容輸出到標準輸出（STDOUT）
+{{{
+Jazz@human ~
+$ hadoop fs -cat input/slaves
+localhost
+}}} 
+
+===  -chgrp  ===
+
+ * 改變文件所屬的群組
+{{{
+Jazz@human ~
+$ hadoop fs -ls input/slaves
+Found 1 items
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz supergroup         10 2011-10-21 11:45 /user/Jazz/input/slaves
+
+Jazz@human ~
+$ hadoop fs -chgrp ${USERNAME} input/slaves
+
+Jazz@human ~
+$ hadoop fs -ls input/slaves
+Found 1 items
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz Jazz         10 2011-10-21 11:45 /user/Jazz/input/slaves
+}}}
+
+=== -chmod ===
+
+ * 改變文件的權限
+{{{
+Jazz@human ~
+$ hadoop fs -ls input/slaves
+Found 1 items
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz Jazz         10 2011-10-21 11:45 /user/Jazz/input/slaves
+
+Jazz@human ~
+$ hadoop fs -chmod 700 input/slaves
+
+Jazz@human ~
+$ hadoop fs -ls input/slaves
+Found 1 items
+-rw-------   1 Jazz Jazz         10 2011-10-21 11:45 /user/Jazz/input/slaves
+}}}
+
+=== -chown ===
+
+ * 改變文件的擁有者
+{{{
+Jazz@human ~
+$ hadoop fs -chown hadoop input/slaves
+
+Jazz@human ~
+$ hadoop fs -ls input/slaves
+Found 1 items
+-rw-------   1 hadoop Jazz         10 2011-10-21 11:45 /user/Jazz/input/slaves
+}}}
+
+=== -copyFromLocal, -put ===
+
+ * 從本機(local)上傳檔案到 HDFS
+{{{
+Jazz@human ~
+$ hadoop fs -put fromHDFS dfs_input
+
+Jazz@human ~
+$ hadoop fs -ls
+Found 2 items
+drwxr-xr-x   - Jazz supergroup          0 2011-10-21 12:33 /user/Jazz/dfs_input
+drwxr-xr-x   - Jazz supergroup          0 2011-10-21 12:00 /user/Jazz/input
+}}}
+
+=== -copyToLocal, -get ===
+
+ * 把 HDFS 上的檔案下載到本機(local)
+{{{
+Jazz@human ~
+$ hadoop fs -get dfs_input input1
+}}}
+
+=== -cp ===
+
+ * 將文件從 HDFS 原本路徑複製到 HDFS 目標路徑
+{{{
+Jazz@human ~
+$ hadoop fs -cp dfs_input input1
+
+Jazz@human ~
+$ hadoop fs -ls
+Found 3 items
+drwxr-xr-x   - Jazz supergroup          0 2011-10-21 12:33 /user/Jazz/dfs_input
+drwxr-xr-x   - Jazz supergroup          0 2011-10-21 12:00 /user/Jazz/input
+drwxr-xr-x   - Jazz supergroup          0 2011-10-21 12:34 /user/Jazz/input1
+}}}
+
+=== -du == =
+
+ * 顯示目錄中所有文件的大小
+{{{
+Jazz@human ~
+$ hadoop fs -du input
+Found 12 items
+3936        hdfs://localhost:9000/user/Jazz/input/capacity-scheduler.xml
+535         hdfs://localhost:9000/user/Jazz/input/configuration.xsl
+326         hdfs://localhost:9000/user/Jazz/input/core-site.xml
+2409        hdfs://localhost:9000/user/Jazz/input/hadoop-env.sh
+1245        hdfs://localhost:9000/user/Jazz/input/hadoop-metrics.properties
+4190        hdfs://localhost:9000/user/Jazz/input/hadoop-policy.xml
+196         hdfs://localhost:9000/user/Jazz/input/hdfs-site.xml
+2815        hdfs://localhost:9000/user/Jazz/input/log4j.properties
+212         hdfs://localhost:9000/user/Jazz/input/mapred-site.xml
+10          hdfs://localhost:9000/user/Jazz/input/slaves
+1243        hdfs://localhost:9000/user/Jazz/input/ssl-client.xml.example
+1195        hdfs://localhost:9000/user/Jazz/input/ssl-server.xml.example
+}}}
+
+=== -dus ===
+
+ * 顯示該目錄/文件的總大小
+{{{
+Jazz@human ~
+$ hadoop fs -dus input
+hdfs://localhost:9000/user/Jazz/input   18312
+}}}
+
+=== -expunge ===
+
+ * 清空垃圾桶
+{{{
+Jazz@human ~
+$ hadoop fs -expunge
+}}}
+
+=== -getmerge ===
+
+ * 將來源目錄 <src> 下所有的文件都集合到本機一個 <localdst> 檔案內
+ * 語法：hadoop fs -getmerge <src> <localdst> 
+{{{
+Jazz@human ~
+$ mkdir -p in1
+
+Jazz@human ~
+$ echo "this is one; " > in1/input
+
+Jazz@human ~
+$ echo "this is two; " > in1/input2
+
+Jazz@human ~
+$ hadoop fs -put in1 in1
+
+Jazz@human ~
+$ hadoop fs -getmerge in1 merge.txt
+
+Jazz@human ~
+$ cat ./merge.txt
+this is one;
+this is two;
+}}}
+
+=== -ls ===
+
+ * 列出文件或目錄的資訊
+ * 文件名 <副本數> 文件大小 修改日期 修改時間 權限 用戶ID 組ID 
+ * 目錄名 <dir> 修改日期 修改時間 權限 用戶ID 組ID 
+{{{
+Jazz@human ~
+$ hadoop fs -ls
+Found 3 items
+drwxr-xr-x   - Jazz supergroup          0 2011-10-21 12:33 /user/Jazz/dfs_input
+drwxr-xr-x   - Jazz supergroup          0 2011-10-21 12:00 /user/Jazz/input
+drwxr-xr-x   - Jazz supergroup          0 2011-10-21 12:34 /user/Jazz/input1
+}}}
+
+=== -lsr ===
+
+ * ls 命令的遞迴版本
+{{{
+Jazz@human ~
+$ hadoop fs -lsr
+drwxr-xr-x   - Jazz supergroup          0 2011-10-21 12:33 /user/Jazz/dfs_input
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz supergroup       3936 2011-10-21 12:33 /user/Jazz/dfs_input/capacity-scheduler.xml
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz supergroup        535 2011-10-21 12:33 /user/Jazz/dfs_input/configuration.xsl
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz supergroup        326 2011-10-21 12:33 /user/Jazz/dfs_input/core-site.xml
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz supergroup       2409 2011-10-21 12:33 /user/Jazz/dfs_input/hadoop-env.sh
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz supergroup       1245 2011-10-21 12:33 /user/Jazz/dfs_input/hadoop-metrics.properties
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz supergroup       4190 2011-10-21 12:33 /user/Jazz/dfs_input/hadoop-policy.xml
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz supergroup        196 2011-10-21 12:33 /user/Jazz/dfs_input/hdfs-site.xml
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz supergroup       2815 2011-10-21 12:33 /user/Jazz/dfs_input/log4j.properties
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz supergroup        212 2011-10-21 12:33 /user/Jazz/dfs_input/mapred-site.xml
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz supergroup         10 2011-10-21 12:33 /user/Jazz/dfs_input/masters
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz supergroup         10 2011-10-21 12:33 /user/Jazz/dfs_input/slaves
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz supergroup       1243 2011-10-21 12:33 /user/Jazz/dfs_input/ssl-client.xml.example
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz supergroup       1195 2011-10-21 12:33 /user/Jazz/dfs_input/ssl-server.xml.example
+drwxr-xr-x   - Jazz supergroup          0 2011-10-21 12:40 /user/Jazz/in1
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz supergroup         14 2011-10-21 12:40 /user/Jazz/in1/input
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz supergroup         14 2011-10-21 12:40 /user/Jazz/in1/input2
+drwxr-xr-x   - Jazz supergroup          0 2011-10-21 12:00 /user/Jazz/input
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz   supergroup       3936 2011-10-21 11:45 /user/Jazz/input/capacity-scheduler.xml
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz   supergroup        535 2011-10-21 11:45 /user/Jazz/input/configuration.xsl
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz   supergroup        326 2011-10-21 11:45 /user/Jazz/input/core-site.xml
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz   supergroup       2409 2011-10-21 11:45 /user/Jazz/input/hadoop-env.sh
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz   supergroup       1245 2011-10-21 11:45 /user/Jazz/input/hadoop-metrics.properties
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz   supergroup       4190 2011-10-21 11:45 /user/Jazz/input/hadoop-policy.xml
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz   supergroup        196 2011-10-21 11:45 /user/Jazz/input/hdfs-site.xml
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz   supergroup       2815 2011-10-21 11:45 /user/Jazz/input/log4j.properties
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz   supergroup        212 2011-10-21 11:45 /user/Jazz/input/mapred-site.xml
+-rw-------   1 hadoop Jazz               10 2011-10-21 11:45 /user/Jazz/input/slaves
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz   supergroup       1243 2011-10-21 11:45 /user/Jazz/input/ssl-client.xml.example
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz   supergroup       1195 2011-10-21 11:45 /user/Jazz/input/ssl-server.xml.example
+drwxr-xr-x   - Jazz supergroup          0 2011-10-21 12:34 /user/Jazz/input1
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz supergroup       3936 2011-10-21 12:34 /user/Jazz/input1/capacity-scheduler.xml
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz supergroup        535 2011-10-21 12:34 /user/Jazz/input1/configuration.xsl
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz supergroup        326 2011-10-21 12:34 /user/Jazz/input1/core-site.xml
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz supergroup       2409 2011-10-21 12:34 /user/Jazz/input1/hadoop-env.sh
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz supergroup       1245 2011-10-21 12:34 /user/Jazz/input1/hadoop-metrics.properties
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz supergroup       4190 2011-10-21 12:34 /user/Jazz/input1/hadoop-policy.xml
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz supergroup        196 2011-10-21 12:34 /user/Jazz/input1/hdfs-site.xml
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz supergroup       2815 2011-10-21 12:34 /user/Jazz/input1/log4j.properties
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz supergroup        212 2011-10-21 12:34 /user/Jazz/input1/mapred-site.xml
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz supergroup         10 2011-10-21 12:34 /user/Jazz/input1/masters
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz supergroup         10 2011-10-21 12:34 /user/Jazz/input1/slaves
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz supergroup       1243 2011-10-21 12:34 /user/Jazz/input1/ssl-client.xml.example
+-rw-r--r--   1 Jazz supergroup       1195 2011-10-21 12:34 /user/Jazz/input1/ssl-server.xml.example
+}}}
+=== -mkdir ===
+
+ * 建立資料夾
+{{{
+Jazz@human ~
+$ hadoop fs -mkdir tmp
+Jazz@human ~
+$ hadoop fs -ls
+Found 5 items
+drwxr-xr-x   - Jazz supergroup          0 2011-10-21 12:33 /user/Jazz/dfs_input
+drwxr-xr-x   - Jazz supergroup          0 2011-10-21 12:40 /user/Jazz/in1
+drwxr-xr-x   - Jazz supergroup          0 2011-10-21 12:00 /user/Jazz/input
+drwxr-xr-x   - Jazz supergroup          0 2011-10-21 12:34 /user/Jazz/input1
+drwxr-xr-x   - Jazz supergroup          0 2011-10-21 12:43 /user/Jazz/tmp
+}}}
+
+=== -moveFromLocal ===
+
+ * 將 local 端的資料夾剪下移動到 HDFS 上
+{{{
+Jazz@human ~
+$ hadoop fs -moveFromLocal in1 in2
+Jazz@human ~
+$ hadoop fs -ls
+Found 6 items
+drwxr-xr-x   - Jazz supergroup          0 2011-10-21 12:33 /user/Jazz/dfs_input
+drwxr-xr-x   - Jazz supergroup          0 2011-10-21 12:40 /user/Jazz/in1
+drwxr-xr-x   - Jazz supergroup          0 2011-10-21 12:44 /user/Jazz/in2
+drwxr-xr-x   - Jazz supergroup          0 2011-10-21 12:00 /user/Jazz/input
+drwxr-xr-x   - Jazz supergroup          0 2011-10-21 12:34 /user/Jazz/input1
+drwxr-xr-x   - Jazz supergroup          0 2011-10-21 12:43 /user/Jazz/tmp
+}}}
+
+=== -mv ===
+
+ * 更改資料的名稱
+{{{
+Jazz@human ~
+$ hadoop fs -mv in2 in3
+
+Jazz@human ~
+$ hadoop fs -ls
+Found 6 items
+drwxr-xr-x   - Jazz supergroup          0 2011-10-21 12:33 /user/Jazz/dfs_input
+drwxr-xr-x   - Jazz supergroup          0 2011-10-21 12:40 /user/Jazz/in1
+drwxr-xr-x   - Jazz supergroup          0 2011-10-21 12:44 /user/Jazz/in3
+drwxr-xr-x   - Jazz supergroup          0 2011-10-21 12:00 /user/Jazz/input
+drwxr-xr-x   - Jazz supergroup          0 2011-10-21 12:34 /user/Jazz/input1
+drwxr-xr-x   - Jazz supergroup          0 2011-10-21 12:43 /user/Jazz/tmp
+}}}
+
+=== -rm ===
+
+ * 刪除指定的檔案（不能是資料夾）
+{{{
+Jazz@human ~
+$ hadoop fs -rm in1/input
+Deleted hdfs://localhost:9000/user/Jazz/in1/input
+}}}
+
+=== -rmr ===
+
+ * 遞迴刪除資料夾（包含在內的所有檔案），可以是多個資料夾
+{{{
+Jazz@human ~
+$ hadoop fs -rmr dfs_input in1 in3 input1
+Deleted hdfs://localhost:9000/user/Jazz/dfs_input
+Deleted hdfs://localhost:9000/user/Jazz/in1
+Deleted hdfs://localhost:9000/user/Jazz/in3
+Deleted hdfs://localhost:9000/user/Jazz/input1
+}}}
+
+=== -setrep ===
+
+ * 設定副本係數
+ * 語法：hadoop fs -setrep [-R] [-w] <rep> <path/file>
+{{{
+Jazz@human ~
+$ hadoop fs -setrep -w 1 -R input
+Replication 1 set: hdfs://localhost:9000/user/Jazz/input/capacity-scheduler.xml
+Replication 1 set: hdfs://localhost:9000/user/Jazz/input/configuration.xsl
+Replication 1 set: hdfs://localhost:9000/user/Jazz/input/core-site.xml
+Replication 1 set: hdfs://localhost:9000/user/Jazz/input/hadoop-env.sh
+Replication 1 set: hdfs://localhost:9000/user/Jazz/input/hadoop-metrics.properties
+Replication 1 set: hdfs://localhost:9000/user/Jazz/input/hadoop-policy.xml
+Replication 1 set: hdfs://localhost:9000/user/Jazz/input/hdfs-site.xml
+Replication 1 set: hdfs://localhost:9000/user/Jazz/input/log4j.properties
+Replication 1 set: hdfs://localhost:9000/user/Jazz/input/mapred-site.xml
+Replication 1 set: hdfs://localhost:9000/user/Jazz/input/slaves
+Replication 1 set: hdfs://localhost:9000/user/Jazz/input/ssl-client.xml.example
+Replication 1 set: hdfs://localhost:9000/user/Jazz/input/ssl-server.xml.example
+Waiting for hdfs://localhost:9000/user/Jazz/input/capacity-scheduler.xml ... done
+Waiting for hdfs://localhost:9000/user/Jazz/input/configuration.xsl ... done
+Waiting for hdfs://localhost:9000/user/Jazz/input/core-site.xml ... done
+Waiting for hdfs://localhost:9000/user/Jazz/input/hadoop-env.sh ... done
+Waiting for hdfs://localhost:9000/user/Jazz/input/hadoop-metrics.properties ...done
+Waiting for hdfs://localhost:9000/user/Jazz/input/hadoop-policy.xml ... done
+Waiting for hdfs://localhost:9000/user/Jazz/input/hdfs-site.xml ... done
+Waiting for hdfs://localhost:9000/user/Jazz/input/log4j.properties ... done
+Waiting for hdfs://localhost:9000/user/Jazz/input/mapred-site.xml ... done
+Waiting for hdfs://localhost:9000/user/Jazz/input/slaves ... done
+Waiting for hdfs://localhost:9000/user/Jazz/input/ssl-client.xml.example ... done
+Waiting for hdfs://localhost:9000/user/Jazz/input/ssl-server.xml.example ... done
+$ bin/hadoop fs -setrep -w 2 -R input 
+Replication 2 set: hdfs://gm1.nchc.org.tw:9000/user/hadooper/input/1.txt
+Replication 2 set: hdfs://gm1.nchc.org.tw:9000/user/hadooper/input/2.txt
+Replication 2 set: hdfs://gm1.nchc.org.tw:9000/user/hadooper/input/3.txt
+Replication 2 set: hdfs://gm1.nchc.org.tw:9000/user/hadooper/input/4.txt
+Waiting for hdfs://gm1.nchc.org.tw:9000/user/hadooper/input/1.txt ... done
+Waiting for hdfs://gm1.nchc.org.tw:9000/user/hadooper/input/2.txt ... done
+Waiting for hdfs://gm1.nchc.org.tw:9000/user/hadooper/input/3.txt ... done
+Waiting for hdfs://gm1.nchc.org.tw:9000/user/hadooper/input/4.txt ... done
+}}}
+
+=== -stat ===
+
+ * 印出時間資訊
+{{{
+Jazz@human ~
+$ hadoop fs -stat input
+2011-10-21 04:00:44
+}}}
+
+=== -tail ===
+
+ * 將文件的最後1k內容輸出
+ * 用法：hadoop fs -tail [-f] 檔案 (-f 參數用來顯示如果檔案增大，則秀出被append上得內容)
+{{{
+Jazz@human ~
+$ hadoop fs -tail input/log4j.properties
+g4j.RollingFileAppender
+#log4j.appender.RFA.File=${hadoop.log.dir}/${hadoop.log.file}
+
+# Logfile size and and 30-day backups
+#log4j.appender.RFA.MaxFileSize=1MB
+#log4j.appender.RFA.MaxBackupIndex=30
+
+#log4j.appender.RFA.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
+#log4j.appender.RFA.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{ISO8601} %-5p %c{2} - %m%n
+#log4j.appender.RFA.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{ISO8601} %-5p %c{2} (%F:%M(%L))
+- %m%n
+
+#
+# FSNamesystem Audit logging
+# All audit events are logged at INFO level
+#
+log4j.logger.org.apache.hadoop.fs.FSNamesystem.audit=WARN
+
+# Custom Logging levels
+
+#log4j.logger.org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobTracker=DEBUG
+#log4j.logger.org.apache.hadoop.mapred.TaskTracker=DEBUG
+#log4j.logger.org.apache.hadoop.fs.FSNamesystem=DEBUG
+
+# Jets3t library
+log4j.logger.org.jets3t.service.impl.rest.httpclient.RestS3Service=ERROR
+
+#
+# Event Counter Appender
+# Sends counts of logging messages at different severity levels to Hadoop Metric
+s.
+#
+log4j.appender.EventCounter=org.apache.hadoop.metrics.jvm.EventCounter
+}}}
+
+=== -test ===
+
+ * 測試檔案， -e 檢查文件是否存在(1=存在, 0＝否)， -z 檢查文件是否為空(1=空, 0＝不為空)， -d 檢查是否為目錄(1=存在, 0＝否)
+   * 要用echo $? 來看回傳值為 0 or 1
+ * 用法： bin/hadoop fs -test -[ezd] URI
+{{{
+########## -e 用來判斷檔案是否存在，回傳 0 為真，回傳 1 為偽 ##########
+
+Jazz@human ~
+$ hadoop fs -test -e input/slaves
+
+Jazz@human ~
+$ echo $?
+0
+
+Jazz@human ~
+$ hadoop fs -test -e input/masters
+
+Jazz@human ~
+$ echo $?
+1
+
+########## -z 用來判斷檔案大小是否為零，回傳 0 為真，回傳 1 為偽 ##########
+
+Jazz@human ~
+$ hadoop fs -test -z  input/slaves
+
+Jazz@human ~
+$ echo $?
+1
+
+Jazz@human ~
+$ hadoop fs -test -z  input/masters
+test: File does not exist: input/masters
+
+########## -d 用來判斷是不是目錄，回傳 0 為真，回傳 1 為偽 ##########
+
+Jazz@human ~
+$ hadoop fs -test -d input/slaves
+
+Jazz@human ~
+$ echo $?
+1
+
+Jazz@human ~
+$ hadoop fs -test -d input
+
+Jazz@human ~
+$ echo $?
+0
+
+}}}
+
+=== -text ===
+
+ * 將檔案（如壓縮檔, textrecordinputstream）輸出為純文字格式
+ * hadoop fs -text <src>
+{{{
+Jazz@human ~
+$ tar zcvf input.tar.gz input1
+input1/
+input1/capacity-scheduler.xml
+input1/configuration.xsl
+input1/core-site.xml
+input1/hadoop-env.sh
+input1/hadoop-metrics.properties
+input1/hadoop-policy.xml
+input1/hdfs-site.xml
+input1/log4j.properties
+input1/mapred-site.xml
+input1/masters
+input1/slaves
+input1/ssl-client.xml.example
+input1/ssl-server.xml.example
+Jazz@human ~
+$ hadoop fs -put input1.tar.gz .
+Jazz@human ~
+$ hadoop fs -text input.tar.gz
+<略>
+}}}
+ * 註：目前沒支援 zip 的函式庫
+{{{
+Jazz@human ~
+$ zip -r input1.zip input1/
+updating: input1/ (stored 0%)
+  adding: input1/capacity-scheduler.xml (deflated 71%)
+  adding: input1/configuration.xsl (deflated 50%)
+  adding: input1/core-site.xml (deflated 46%)
+  adding: input1/hadoop-env.sh (deflated 58%)
+  adding: input1/hadoop-metrics.properties (deflated 78%)
+  adding: input1/hadoop-policy.xml (deflated 83%)
+  adding: input1/hdfs-site.xml (deflated 35%)
+  adding: input1/log4j.properties (deflated 67%)
+  adding: input1/mapred-site.xml (deflated 34%)
+  adding: input1/masters (stored 0%)
+  adding: input1/slaves (stored 0%)
+  adding: input1/ssl-client.xml.example (deflated 79%)
+  adding: input1/ssl-server.xml.example (deflated 78%)
+Jazz@human ~
+$ hadoop fs -put input1.zip .
+Jazz@human ~
+$ hadoop fs -text input1.zip
+PK
+<略>
+}}}
+
+=== -touchz ===
+
+ * 建立一個空文件
+{{{
+Jazz@human ~
+$ hadoop fs -touchz empty
+
+Jazz@human ~
+$ hadoop fs -test -z empty ; echo $?
+0
+}}}