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1<html><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"><title>Apache Tomcat 6.0 - Security Manager HOW-TO</title><meta value="Glenn Nielsen" name="author"><meta value="glenn@voyager.apg.more.net" name="email"><meta value="Jean-Francois Arcand" name="author"><meta value="jeanfrancois.arcand@sun.com" name="email"></head><body vlink="#525D76" alink="#525D76" link="#525D76" text="#000000" bgcolor="#ffffff"><table cellspacing="0" width="100%" border="0"><!--PAGE HEADER--><tr><td><!--PROJECT LOGO--><a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/"><img border="0" alt="
2      The Apache Tomcat Servlet/JSP Container
3    " align="right" src="./../images/tomcat.gif"></a></td><td><font face="arial,helvetica,sanserif"><h1>Apache Tomcat 6.0</h1></font></td><td><!--APACHE LOGO--><a href="http://www.apache.org/"><img border="0" alt="Apache Logo" align="right" src="./../images/asf-logo.gif"></a></td></tr></table><table cellspacing="4" width="100%" border="0"><!--HEADER SEPARATOR--><tr><td colspan="2"><hr size="1" noshade></td></tr><tr><!--RIGHT SIDE MAIN BODY--><td align="left" valign="top" width="80%"><table cellspacing="4" width="100%" border="0"><tr><td valign="top" align="left"><h1>Apache Tomcat 6.0</h1><h2>Security Manager HOW-TO</h2></td><td nowrap="true" valign="top" align="right"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td></tr></table><table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font face="arial,helvetica.sanserif" color="#ffffff"><a name="Background"><strong>Background</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
4
5  <p>The Java <strong>SecurityManager</strong> is what allows a web browser
6  to run an applet in its own sandbox to prevent untrusted code from
7  accessing files on the local file system, connecting to a host other
8  than the one the applet was loaded from, and so on.  In the same way
9  the SecurityManager protects you from an untrusted applet running in
10  your browser, use of a SecurityManager while running Tomcat can protect
11  your server from trojan servlets, JSPs, JSP beans, and tag libraries.
12  Or even inadvertent mistakes.</p>
13
14  <p>Imagine if someone who is authorized to publish JSPs on your site
15  inadvertently included the following in their JSP:</p>
16<div align="left"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="4"><tr><td height="1" width="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td><td height="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td><td height="1" width="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td></tr><tr><td width="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td><td height="1" bgcolor="#ffffff"><pre>
17&lt;% System.exit(1); %&gt;
18</pre></td><td width="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td></tr><tr><td height="1" width="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td><td height="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td><td height="1" width="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td></tr></table></div>
19
20  <p>Every time this JSP was executed by Tomcat, Tomcat would exit.
21  Using the Java SecurityManager is just one more line of defense a
22  system administrator can use to keep the server secure and reliable.</p>
23
24  <p><strong>WARNING</strong> - A security audit
25  have been conducted using the Tomcat 6 codebase. Most of the critical
26  package have been protected and a new security package protection mechanism
27  has been implemented. Still, make sure that you are satisfied with your SecurityManager
28  configuration before allowing untrusted users to publish web applications,
29  JSPs, servlets, beans, or tag libraries.  <strong>However, running with a
30  SecurityManager is definitely better than running without one.</strong></p>
31
32</blockquote></td></tr></table><table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font face="arial,helvetica.sanserif" color="#ffffff"><a name="Permissions"><strong>Permissions</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
33
34  <p>Permission classes are used to define what Permissions a class loaded
35  by Tomcat will have.  There are a number of Permission classes that are
36  a standard part of the JDK, and you can create your own Permission class
37  for use in your own web applications.  Both techniques are used in
38  Tomcat 6.</p>
39
40
41  <table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#828DA6"><font face="arial,helvetica.sanserif" color="#ffffff"><a name="Standard Permissions"><strong>Standard Permissions</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
42
43    <p>This is just a short summary of the standard system SecurityManager
44    Permission classes applicable to Tomcat.  See
45    <a href="http://java.sun.com/security/">http://java.sun.com/security/</a>
46    for more information.</p>
47
48    <ul>
49    <li><strong>java.util.PropertyPermission</strong> - Controls read/write
50        access to JVM properties such as <code>java.home</code>.</li>
51    <li><strong>java.lang.RuntimePermission</strong> - Controls use of
52        some System/Runtime functions like <code>exit()</code> and
53        <code>exec()</code>. Also control the package access/definition.</li>
54    <li><strong>java.io.FilePermission</strong> - Controls read/write/execute
55        access to files and directories.</li>
56    <li><strong>java.net.SocketPermission</strong> - Controls use of
57        network sockets.</li>
58    <li><strong>java.net.NetPermission</strong> - Controls use of
59        multicast network connections.</li>
60    <li><strong>java.lang.reflect.ReflectPermission</strong> - Controls
61        use of reflection to do class introspection.</li>
62    <li><strong>java.security.SecurityPermission</strong> - Controls access
63        to Security methods.</li>
64    <li><strong>java.security.AllPermission</strong> - Allows access to all
65        permissions, just as if you were running Tomcat without a
66        SecurityManager.</li>
67    </ul>
68
69  </blockquote></td></tr></table>
70
71
72  <table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#828DA6"><font face="arial,helvetica.sanserif" color="#ffffff"><a name="Tomcat Custom Permissions"><strong>Tomcat Custom Permissions</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
73
74    <p>Tomcat utilizes a custom permission class called
75    <strong>org.apache.naming.JndiPermission</strong>.  This permission
76    controls read access to JNDI named file based resources.  The permission
77    name is the JNDI name and there are no actions.  A trailing "*" can be
78    used to do wild card matching for a JNDI named file resource when
79    granting permission.  For example, you might include the following
80    in your policy file:</p>
81<div align="left"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="4"><tr><td height="1" width="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td><td height="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td><td height="1" width="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td></tr><tr><td width="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td><td height="1" bgcolor="#ffffff"><pre>
82permission  org.apache.naming.JndiPermission  "jndi://localhost/examples/*";
83</pre></td><td width="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td></tr><tr><td height="1" width="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td><td height="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td><td height="1" width="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td></tr></table></div>
84
85    <p>A Permission entry like this is generated dynamically for each web
86    application that is deployed, to allow it to read its own static resources
87    but disallow it from using file access to read any other files (unless
88    permissions for those files are explicitly granted).</p>
89
90    <p>Also, Tomcat always dynamically creates the following file permission:</p>
91<div align="left"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="4"><tr><td height="1" width="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td><td height="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td><td height="1" width="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td></tr><tr><td width="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td><td height="1" bgcolor="#ffffff"><pre> 
92permission java.io.FilePermission "** your application context**", "read";
93</pre></td><td width="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td></tr><tr><td height="1" width="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td><td height="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td><td height="1" width="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td></tr></table></div> 
94    <p>Where **your application context** equals the folder(or WAR file) under which
95    your application has been deployed. </p> 
96
97  </blockquote></td></tr></table>
98
99
100</blockquote></td></tr></table><table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font face="arial,helvetica.sanserif" color="#ffffff"><a name="Configuring Tomcat With A SecurityManager"><strong>Configuring Tomcat With A SecurityManager</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
101
102  <h3>Policy File Format</h3>
103
104  <p>The security policies implemented by the Java SecurityManager are
105  configured in the <code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/catalina.policy</code> file.
106  This file completely replaces the <code>java.policy</code> file present
107  in your JDK system directories.  The <code>catalina.policy</code> file
108  can be edited by hand, or you can use the
109  <a href="http://java.sun.com/products/jdk/1.2/docs/tooldocs/solaris/policytool.html">policytool</a>
110  application that comes with Java 1.2 or later.</p>
111
112  <p>Entries in the <code>catalina.policy</code> file use the standard
113  <code>java.policy</code> file format, as follows:</p>
114<div align="left"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="4"><tr><td height="1" width="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td><td height="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td><td height="1" width="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td></tr><tr><td width="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td><td height="1" bgcolor="#ffffff"><pre>
115// Example policy file entry
116
117grant [signedBy &lt;signer&gt;,] [codeBase &lt;code source&gt;] {
118  permission  &lt;class&gt;  [&lt;name&gt; [, &lt;action list&gt;]];
119};
120</pre></td><td width="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td></tr><tr><td height="1" width="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td><td height="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td><td height="1" width="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td></tr></table></div>
121
122  <p>The <strong>signedBy</strong> and <strong>codeBase</strong> entries are
123  optional when granting permissions.  Comment lines begin with "//" and
124  end at the end of the current line.  The <code>codeBase</code> is in the
125  form of a URL, and for a file URL can use the <code>${java.home}</code>
126  and <code>${catalina.home}</code> properties (which are expanded out to
127  the directory paths defined for them by the <code>JAVA_HOME</code>,
128  <code>CATALINA_HOME</code> and <code>CATALINA_BASE</code> environment
129  variables).</p>
130
131  <h3>The Default Policy File</h3>
132
133  <p>The default <code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/catalina.policy</code> file
134  looks like this:</p>
135<div align="left"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="4"><tr><td height="1" width="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td><td height="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td><td height="1" width="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td></tr><tr><td width="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td><td height="1" bgcolor="#ffffff"><pre>
136// ============================================================================
137// catalina.corepolicy - Security Policy Permissions for Tomcat 6
138//
139// This file contains a default set of security policies to be enforced (by the
140// JVM) when Catalina is executed with the "-security" option.  In addition
141// to the permissions granted here, the following additional permissions are
142// granted to the codebase specific to each web application:
143//
144// * Read access to the document root directory
145//
146// $Id: security-manager-howto.xml 633912 2008-03-05 16:24:07Z jim $
147// ============================================================================
148
149
150// ========== SYSTEM CODE PERMISSIONS =========================================
151
152
153// These permissions apply to javac
154grant codeBase "file:${java.home}/lib/-" {
155        permission java.security.AllPermission;
156};
157
158// These permissions apply to all shared system extensions
159grant codeBase "file:${java.home}/jre/lib/ext/-" {
160        permission java.security.AllPermission;
161};
162
163// These permissions apply to javac when ${java.home] points at $JAVA_HOME/jre
164grant codeBase "file:${java.home}/../lib/-" {
165        permission java.security.AllPermission;
166};
167
168// These permissions apply to all shared system extensions when
169// ${java.home} points at $JAVA_HOME/jre
170grant codeBase "file:${java.home}/lib/ext/-" {
171        permission java.security.AllPermission;
172};
173
174
175// ========== CATALINA CODE PERMISSIONS =======================================
176
177
178// These permissions apply to the daemon code
179grant codeBase "file:${catalina.home}/bin/commons-daemon.jar" {
180        permission java.security.AllPermission;
181};
182
183// These permissions apply to the logging API
184grant codeBase "file:${catalina.home}/bin/tomcat-juli.jar" {
185        permission java.security.AllPermission;
186};
187
188// These permissions apply to the server startup code
189grant codeBase "file:${catalina.home}/bin/bootstrap.jar" {
190        permission java.security.AllPermission;
191};
192
193// These permissions apply to the servlet API classes
194// and those that are shared across all class loaders
195// located in the "lib" directory
196grant codeBase "file:${catalina.home}/lib/-" {
197        permission java.security.AllPermission;
198};
199
200
201// ========== WEB APPLICATION PERMISSIONS =====================================
202
203
204// These permissions are granted by default to all web applications
205// In addition, a web application will be given a read FilePermission
206// and JndiPermission for all files and directories in its document root.
207grant {
208    // Required for JNDI lookup of named JDBC DataSource's and
209    // javamail named MimePart DataSource used to send mail
210    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.home", "read";
211    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.naming.*", "read";
212    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "javax.sql.*", "read";
213
214    // OS Specific properties to allow read access
215    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "os.name", "read";
216    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "os.version", "read";
217    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "os.arch", "read";
218    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "file.separator", "read";
219    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "path.separator", "read";
220    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "line.separator", "read";
221
222    // JVM properties to allow read access
223    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.version", "read";
224    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.vendor", "read";
225    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.vendor.url", "read";
226    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.class.version", "read";
227  permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.specification.version", "read";
228  permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.specification.vendor", "read";
229  permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.specification.name", "read";
230
231  permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.vm.specification.version", "read";
232  permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.vm.specification.vendor", "read";
233  permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.vm.specification.name", "read";
234  permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.vm.version", "read";
235  permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.vm.vendor", "read";
236  permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.vm.name", "read";
237
238    // Required for OpenJMX
239    permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "getAttribute";
240
241  // Allow read of JAXP compliant XML parser debug
242  permission java.util.PropertyPermission "jaxp.debug", "read";
243
244    // Precompiled JSPs need access to this package.
245    permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.jasper.runtime";
246    permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.jasper.runtime.*";
247   
248};
249
250
251// You can assign additional permissions to particular web applications by
252// adding additional "grant" entries here, based on the code base for that
253// application, /WEB-INF/classes/, or /WEB-INF/lib/ jar files.
254//
255// Different permissions can be granted to JSP pages, classes loaded from
256// the /WEB-INF/classes/ directory, all jar files in the /WEB-INF/lib/
257// directory, or even to individual jar files in the /WEB-INF/lib/ directory.
258//
259// For instance, assume that the standard "examples" application
260// included a JDBC driver that needed to establish a network connection to the
261// corresponding database and used the scrape taglib to get the weather from
262// the NOAA web server.  You might create a "grant" entries like this:
263//
264// The permissions granted to the context root directory apply to JSP pages.
265// grant codeBase "file:${catalina.home}/webapps/examples/-" {
266//      permission java.net.SocketPermission "dbhost.mycompany.com:5432", "connect";
267//      permission java.net.SocketPermission "*.noaa.gov:80", "connect";
268// };
269//
270// The permissions granted to the context WEB-INF/classes directory
271// grant codeBase "file:${catalina.home}/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/-" {
272// };
273//
274// The permission granted to your JDBC driver
275// grant codeBase "jar:file:${catalina.home}/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/lib/driver.jar!/-" {
276//      permission java.net.SocketPermission "dbhost.mycompany.com:5432", "connect";
277// };
278// The permission granted to the scrape taglib
279// grant codeBase "jar:file:${catalina.home}/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/lib/scrape.jar!/-" {
280//      permission java.net.SocketPermission "*.noaa.gov:80", "connect";
281// };
282</pre></td><td width="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td></tr><tr><td height="1" width="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td><td height="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td><td height="1" width="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td></tr></table></div>
283
284  <h3>Starting Tomcat With A SecurityManager</h3>
285
286  <p>Once you have configured the <code>catalina.policy</code> file for use
287  with a SecurityManager, Tomcat can be started with a SecurityManager in
288  place by using the "-security" option:</p>
289<div align="left"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="4"><tr><td height="1" width="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td><td height="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td><td height="1" width="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td></tr><tr><td width="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td><td height="1" bgcolor="#ffffff"><pre>
290$CATALINA_HOME/bin/catalina.sh start -security    (Unix)
291%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\catalina start -security      (Windows)
292</pre></td><td width="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td></tr><tr><td height="1" width="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td><td height="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td><td height="1" width="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td></tr></table></div>
293
294</blockquote></td></tr></table><table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font face="arial,helvetica.sanserif" color="#ffffff"><a name="Configuring Package Protection in Tomcat"><strong>Configuring Package Protection in Tomcat</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
295  <p>Starting with Tomcat 5, it is now possible to configure which Tomcat
296  internal package are protected againts package definition and access. See
297  <a href="http://java.sun.com/security/seccodeguide.html">
298    http://java.sun.com/security/seccodeguide.html</a>
299    for more information.</p>   
300
301 
302  <p><strong>WARNING</strong>: Be aware that removing the default package protection
303  could possibly open a security hole</p>
304
305  <h3>The Default Properties File</h3>
306
307  <p>The default <code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/catalina.properties</code> file
308  looks like this:</p>
309<div align="left"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="4"><tr><td height="1" width="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td><td height="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td><td height="1" width="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td></tr><tr><td width="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td><td height="1" bgcolor="#ffffff"><pre> 
310#
311# List of comma-separated packages that start with or equal this string
312# will cause a security exception to be thrown when
313# passed to checkPackageAccess unless the
314# corresponding RuntimePermission ("accessClassInPackage."+package) has
315# been granted.
316package.access=sun.,org.apache.catalina.,org.apache.coyote.,org.apache.tomcat.,
317org.apache.jasper.
318#
319# List of comma-separated packages that start with or equal this string
320# will cause a security exception to be thrown when
321# passed to checkPackageDefinition unless the
322# corresponding RuntimePermission ("defineClassInPackage."+package) has
323# been granted.
324#
325# by default, no packages are restricted for definition, and none of
326# the class loaders supplied with the JDK call checkPackageDefinition.
327#
328package.definition=sun.,java.,org.apache.catalina.,org.apache.coyote.,
329org.apache.tomcat.,org.apache.jasper.
330</pre></td><td width="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td></tr><tr><td height="1" width="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td><td height="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td><td height="1" width="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td></tr></table></div>
331  <p>Once you have configured the <code>catalina.properties</code> file for use
332  with a SecurityManager, remember to re-start Tomcat.</p>
333</blockquote></td></tr></table><table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font face="arial,helvetica.sanserif" color="#ffffff"><a name="Troubleshooting"><strong>Troubleshooting</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
334
335  <p>If your web application attempts to execute an operation that is
336  prohibited by lack of a required Permission, it will throw an
337  <code>AccessControLException</code> or a <code>SecurityException</code>
338  when the SecurityManager detects the violation.  Debugging the permission
339  that is missing can be challenging, and one option is to turn on debug
340  output of all security decisions that are made during execution.  This
341  is done by setting a system property before starting Tomcat.  The easiest
342  way to do this is via the <code>CATALINA_OPTS</code> environment variable.
343  Execute this command:</p>
344<div align="left"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="4"><tr><td height="1" width="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td><td height="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td><td height="1" width="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td></tr><tr><td width="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td><td height="1" bgcolor="#ffffff"><pre>
345export CATALINA_OPTS=-Djava.security.debug=all    (Unix)
346set CATALINA_OPTS=-Djava.security.debug=all       (Windows)
347</pre></td><td width="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td></tr><tr><td height="1" width="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td><td height="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td><td height="1" width="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td></tr></table></div>
348
349  <p>before starting Tomcat.</p>
350
351  <p><strong>WARNING</strong> - This will generate <em>many megabytes</em>
352  of output!  However, it can help you track down problems by searching
353  for the word "FAILED" and determining which permission was being checked
354  for.  See the Java security documentation for more options that you can
355  specify here as well.</p>
356
357</blockquote></td></tr></table></td></tr><!--FOOTER SEPARATOR--><tr><td colspan="2"><hr size="1" noshade></td></tr><!--PAGE FOOTER--><tr><td colspan="2"><div align="center"><font size="-1" color="#525D76"><em>
358        Copyright &copy; 1999-2008, Apache Software Foundation
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