| [66] | 1 | <html><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"><title>Apache Tomcat 6.0 - Jasper 2 JSP Engine How To</title><meta value="Glenn L. Nielsen" name="author"><meta value="glenn@apache.org" name="email"><meta value="Peter Rossbach" name="author"><meta value="pero@apache.org" name="email"></head><body vlink="#525D76" alink="#525D76" link="#525D76" text="#000000" bgcolor="#ffffff"><table cellspacing="0" width="100%" border="0"><!--PAGE HEADER--><tr><td><!--PROJECT LOGO--><a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/"><img border="0" alt=" |
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| 2 | The Apache Tomcat Servlet/JSP Container |
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| 3 | " align="right" src="./../images/tomcat.gif"></a></td><td><font face="arial,helvetica,sanserif"><h1>Apache Tomcat 6.0</h1></font></td><td><!--APACHE LOGO--><a href="http://www.apache.org/"><img border="0" alt="Apache Logo" align="right" src="./../images/asf-logo.gif"></a></td></tr></table><table cellspacing="4" width="100%" border="0"><!--HEADER SEPARATOR--><tr><td colspan="2"><hr size="1" noshade></td></tr><tr><!--RIGHT SIDE MAIN BODY--><td align="left" valign="top" width="80%"><table cellspacing="4" width="100%" border="0"><tr><td valign="top" align="left"><h1>Apache Tomcat 6.0</h1><h2>Jasper 2 JSP Engine How To</h2></td><td nowrap="true" valign="top" align="right"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td></tr></table><table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font face="arial,helvetica.sanserif" color="#ffffff"><a name="Table of Contents"><strong>Table of Contents</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote> |
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| 4 | <p> |
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| 5 | <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a><br> |
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| 6 | <a href="#Configuration">Configuration</a><br> |
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| 7 | <a href="#Production Configuration">Production Configuration</a><br> |
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| 8 | <a href="#Web Application Compilation">Web Application Compilation</a><br> |
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| 9 | <a href="#Using Jikes">Using Jikes</a><br> |
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| 10 | </p> |
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| 11 | </blockquote></td></tr></table><table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font face="arial,helvetica.sanserif" color="#ffffff"><a name="Introduction"><strong>Introduction</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote> |
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| 12 | |
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| 13 | <p>Tomcat 6.0 uses the Jasper 2 JSP Engine to implement |
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| 14 | the <a href="http://java.sun.com/products/jsp/">JavaServer Pages 2.0</a> |
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| 15 | specification.</p> |
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| 16 | |
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| 17 | <p>Jasper 2 has been redesigned to significantly improve performance over |
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| 18 | the orignal Jasper. In addition to general code improvements the following |
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| 19 | changes were made: |
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| 20 | <ul> |
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| 21 | <li><strong>JSP Custom Tag Pooling</strong> - The java objects instantiated |
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| 22 | for JSP Custom Tags can now be pooled and reused. This significantly boosts |
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| 23 | the performance of JSP pages which use custom tags.</li> |
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| 24 | <li><strong>Background JSP compilation</strong> - If you make a change to |
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| 25 | a JSP page which had already been compiled Jasper 2 can recompile that |
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| 26 | page in the background. The previously compiled JSP page will still be |
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| 27 | available to serve requests. Once the new page has been compiled |
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| 28 | successfully it will replace the old page. This helps improve availablity |
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| 29 | of your JSP pages on a production server.</li> |
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| 30 | <li><strong>Recompile JSP when included page changes</strong> - Jasper 2 |
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| 31 | can now detect when a page included at compile time from a JSP has changed |
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| 32 | and then recompile the parent JSP.</li> |
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| 33 | <li><strong>JDT used to compile JSP pages</strong> - The |
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| 34 | Eclipse JDT Java compiler is now used to perform JSP java source code |
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| 35 | compilation. This compiler loads source dependencies from the container |
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| 36 | classloader. Ant and javac can still be used.</li> |
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| 37 | </ul> |
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| 38 | </p> |
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| 39 | |
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| 40 | <p>Jasper is implemented using the servlet class |
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| 41 | <code>org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet</code>.</p> |
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| 42 | |
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| 43 | </blockquote></td></tr></table><table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font face="arial,helvetica.sanserif" color="#ffffff"><a name="Configuration"><strong>Configuration</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote> |
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| 44 | |
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| 45 | <p>By default Jasper is configured for use when doing web application |
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| 46 | development. See the section <a href="#Production Configuration"> |
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| 47 | Production Configuration</a> for information on configuring Jasper |
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| 48 | for use on a production Tomcat server.</p> |
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| 49 | |
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| 50 | <p>The servlet which implements Jasper is configured using init parameters |
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| 51 | in your global <code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/web.xml</code>. |
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| 52 | |
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| 53 | <ul> |
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| 54 | <li><strong>checkInterval</strong> - If development is false and checkInterval |
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| 55 | is greater than zero, background compiles are enabled. checkInterval is the time |
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| 56 | in seconds between checks to see if a JSP page (and its dependent files) needs |
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| 57 | to be recompiled. Default <code>0</code> seconds.</li> |
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| 58 | |
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| 59 | <li><strong>classdebuginfo</strong> - Should the class file be compiled with |
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| 60 | debugging information? <code>true</code> or <code>false</code>, default |
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| 61 | <code>true</code>. |
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| 62 | </li> |
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| 63 | |
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| 64 | <li><strong>classpath</strong> - Defines the class path to be used to compile |
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| 65 | the generated servlets. This parameter only has an effect if the ServletContext |
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| 66 | attribute org.apache.jasper.Constants.SERVLET_CLASSPATH is not set. This |
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| 67 | attribute is always set when Jasper is used within Tomcat. By default the |
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| 68 | classpath is created dynamically based on the current web application.</li> |
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| 69 | |
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| 70 | <li><strong>compiler</strong> - Which compiler Ant should use to compile JSP |
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| 71 | pages. See the Ant documentation for more information. If the value is not set, |
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| 72 | then the default Eclipse JDT Java compiler will be used instead of using Ant. |
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| 73 | No default value.</li> |
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| 74 | |
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| 75 | <li><strong>compilerSourceVM</strong> - What JDK version are the source files |
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| 76 | compatible with? (Default JDK 1.4)</li> |
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| 77 | |
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| 78 | <li><strong>compilerTargetVM</strong> - What JDK version are the generated files |
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| 79 | compatible with? (Default JDK 1.4)</li> |
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| 80 | |
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| 81 | <li><strong>development</strong> - Is Jasper used in development mode? If true, |
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| 82 | the frequency at which JSPs are checked for modification may be specified via |
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| 83 | the modificationTestInterval parameter.<code>true</code> or <code>false</code>, |
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| 84 | default <code>true</code>.</li> |
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| 85 | |
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| 86 | <li><strong>displaySourceFragment</strong> - Should a source fragment be |
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| 87 | included in exception messages? <code>true</code> or <code>false</code>, |
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| 88 | default <code>true</code>.</li> |
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| 89 | |
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| 90 | <li><strong>dumpSmap</strong> - Should the SMAP info for JSR45 debugging be |
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| 91 | dumped to a file? <code>true</code> or <code>false</code>, default |
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| 92 | <code>false</code>. <code>false</code> if suppressSmap is true.</li> |
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| 93 | |
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| 94 | <li><strong>enablePooling</strong> - Determines whether tag handler pooling is |
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| 95 | enabled. <code>true</code> or <code>false</code>, default <code>true</code>. |
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| 96 | </li> |
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| 97 | |
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| 98 | <li><strong>engineOptionsClass</strong> - Allows specifying the Options class |
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| 99 | used to configure Jasper. If not present, the default EmbeddedServletOptions |
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| 100 | will be used. |
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| 101 | </li> |
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| 102 | |
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| 103 | <li><strong>errorOnUseBeanInvalidClassAttribute</strong> - Should Jasper issue |
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| 104 | an error when the value of the class attribute in an useBean action is not a |
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| 105 | valid bean class? <code>true</code> or <code>false</code>, default |
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| 106 | <code>true</code>.</li> |
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| 107 | |
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| 108 | <li><strong>fork</strong> - Have Ant fork JSP page compiles so they are |
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| 109 | performed in a seperate JVM from Tomcat? <code>true</code> or |
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| 110 | <code>false</code>, default <code>true</code>.</li> |
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| 111 | |
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| 112 | <li><strong>genStringAsCharArray</strong> - Should text strings be generated as char |
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| 113 | arrays, to improve performance in some cases? Default <code>false</code>.</li> |
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| 114 | |
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| 115 | <li><strong>ieClassId</strong> - The class-id value to be sent to Internet |
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| 116 | Explorer when using <jsp:plugin> tags. Default |
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| 117 | <code>clsid:8AD9C840-044E-11D1-B3E9-00805F499D93</code>.</li> |
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| 118 | |
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| 119 | <li><strong>javaEncoding</strong> - Java file encoding to use for generating |
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| 120 | java source files. Default <code>UTF8</code>.</li> |
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| 121 | |
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| 122 | <li><strong>keepgenerated</strong> - Should we keep the generated Java source |
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| 123 | code for each page instead of deleting it? <code>true</code> or |
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| 124 | <code>false</code>, default <code>true</code>.</li> |
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| 125 | |
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| 126 | <li><strong>mappedfile</strong> - Should we generate static content with one |
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| 127 | print statement per input line, to ease debugging? |
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| 128 | <code>true</code> or <code>false</code>, default <code>true</code>.</li> |
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| 129 | |
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| 130 | <li><strong>modificationTestInterval</strong> - Causes a JSP (and its dependent |
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| 131 | files) to not be checked for modification during the specified time interval |
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| 132 | (in seconds) from the last time the JSP was checked for modification. A value of |
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| 133 | 0 will cause the JSP to be checked on every access. Used in development mode |
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| 134 | only. Default is <code>4</code> seconds.</li> |
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| 135 | |
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| 136 | <li><strong>scratchdir</strong> - What scratch directory should we use when |
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| 137 | compiling JSP pages? Default is the work directory for the current web |
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| 138 | application.</li> |
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| 139 | |
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| 140 | <li><strong>suppressSmap</strong> - Should the generation of SMAP info for JSR45 |
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| 141 | debugging be suppressed? <code>true</code> or <code>false</code>, default |
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| 142 | <code>false</code>.</li> |
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| 143 | |
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| 144 | <li><strong>trimSpaces</strong> - Should white spaces in template text between |
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| 145 | actions or directives be trimmed ?, default <code>false</code>.</li> |
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| 146 | |
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| 147 | <li><strong>xpoweredBy</strong> - Determines whether X-Powered-By response |
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| 148 | header is added by generated servlet. <code>true</code> or <code>false</code>, |
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| 149 | default <code>false</code>.</li> |
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| 150 | </ul> |
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| 151 | </p> |
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| 152 | |
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| 153 | <p>The Java compiler from Eclipse JDT in included as the default compiler. It is |
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| 154 | an advanced Java compiler which will load all dependencies from the Tomcat class |
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| 155 | loader, which will help tremendously when compiling on large installations with |
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| 156 | tens of JARs. On fast servers, this will allow sub-second recompilation cycles |
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| 157 | for even large JSP pages.</p> |
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| 158 | |
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| 159 | <p>Apache Ant, which was used in previous Tomcat releases, can be used instead |
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| 160 | of the new compiler by simply removing the <code>lib/jasper-jdt.jar</code> file, |
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| 161 | and placing the <code>ant.jar</code> file from the latest Ant distribution in |
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| 162 | the <code>lib</code> folder. If you do this, you also need to use the "javac" |
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| 163 | argument to catalina.sh.</p> |
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| 164 | |
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| 165 | </blockquote></td></tr></table><table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font face="arial,helvetica.sanserif" color="#ffffff"><a name="Production Configuration"><strong>Production Configuration</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote> |
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| 166 | |
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| 167 | <p>The main JSP optimization which can be done is precompilation of JSPs. |
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| 168 | However, this might not be possible (for example, when using the |
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| 169 | jsp-property-group feature) or practical, in which case the configuration of the |
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| 170 | Jasper servlet becomes critical.</p> |
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| 171 | |
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| 172 | <p>When using Jasper 2 in a production Tomcat server you should consider making |
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| 173 | the following changes from the default configuration. |
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| 174 | <ul> |
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| 175 | <li><strong>development</strong> - To disable on access checks for JSP |
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| 176 | pages compilation set this to <code>false</code>.</li> |
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| 177 | <li><strong>genStringAsCharArray</strong> - To generate slightly more efficient |
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| 178 | char arrays, set this to <code>true</code>.</li> |
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| 179 | <li><strong>modificationTestInterval</strong> - If development has to be set to |
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| 180 | <code>true</code> for any reason (such as dynamic generation of JSPs), setting |
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| 181 | this to a high value will improve performance a lot.</li> |
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| 182 | <li><strong>trimSpaces</strong> - To remove useless bytes from the response, |
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| 183 | set this to <code>true</code>.</li> |
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| 184 | </ul> |
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| 185 | </p> |
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| 186 | |
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| 187 | </blockquote></td></tr></table><table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font face="arial,helvetica.sanserif" color="#ffffff"><a name="Web Application Compilation"><strong>Web Application Compilation</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote> |
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| 188 | |
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| 189 | <p>Using Ant is the preferred way to compile web applications using JSPC. |
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| 190 | Use the script given below (a similar script is included in the "deployer" |
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| 191 | download) to precompile a webapp: |
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| 192 | </p> |
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| 193 | |
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| 194 | <p> |
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| 195 | <div align="left"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="4"><tr><td height="1" width="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td><td height="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td><td height="1" width="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td></tr><tr><td width="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td><td height="1" bgcolor="#ffffff"><pre> |
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| 196 | <project name="Webapp Precompilation" default="all" basedir="."> |
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| 197 | |
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| 198 | <import file="${tomcat.home}/bin/catalina-tasks.xml"/> |
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| 199 | |
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| 200 | <target name="jspc"> |
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| 201 | |
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| 202 | <jasper |
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| 203 | validateXml="false" |
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| 204 | uriroot="${webapp.path}" |
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| 205 | webXmlFragment="${webapp.path}/WEB-INF/generated_web.xml" |
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| 206 | outputDir="${webapp.path}/WEB-INF/src" /> |
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| 207 | |
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| 208 | </target> |
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| 209 | |
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| 210 | <target name="compile"> |
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| 211 | |
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| 212 | <mkdir dir="${webapp.path}/WEB-INF/classes"/> |
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| 213 | <mkdir dir="${webapp.path}/WEB-INF/lib"/> |
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| 214 | |
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| 215 | <javac destdir="${webapp.path}/WEB-INF/classes" |
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| 216 | optimize="off" |
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| 217 | debug="on" failonerror="false" |
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| 218 | srcdir="${webapp.path}/WEB-INF/src" |
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| 219 | excludes="**/*.smap"> |
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| 220 | <classpath> |
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| 221 | <pathelement location="${webapp.path}/WEB-INF/classes"/> |
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| 222 | <fileset dir="${webapp.path}/WEB-INF/lib"> |
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| 223 | <include name="*.jar"/> |
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| 224 | </fileset> |
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| 225 | <pathelement location="${tomcat.home}/lib"/> |
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| 226 | <fileset dir="${tomcat.home}/common/lib"> |
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| 227 | <include name="*.jar"/> |
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| 228 | </fileset> |
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| 229 | <fileset dir="${tomcat.home}/bin"> |
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| 230 | <include name="*.jar"/> |
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| 231 | </fileset> |
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| 232 | </classpath> |
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| 233 | <include name="**" /> |
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| 234 | <exclude name="tags/**" /> |
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| 235 | </javac> |
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| 236 | |
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| 237 | </target> |
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| 238 | |
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| 239 | <target name="all" depends="jspc,compile"> |
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| 240 | </target> |
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| 241 | |
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| 242 | <target name="cleanup"> |
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| 243 | <delete> |
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| 244 | <fileset dir="${webapp.path}/WEB-INF/src"/> |
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| 245 | <fileset dir="${webapp.path}/WEB-INF/classes/org/apache/jsp"/> |
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| 246 | </delete> |
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| 247 | </target> |
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| 248 | |
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| 249 | </project> |
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| 250 | </pre></td><td width="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td></tr><tr><td height="1" width="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td><td height="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td><td height="1" width="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td></tr></table></div> |
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| 251 | </p> |
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| 252 | |
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| 253 | <p> |
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| 254 | The following command line can be used to run the script |
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| 255 | (replacing the tokens with the Tomcat base path and the path to the webapp |
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| 256 | which should be precompiled):<br> |
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| 257 | <div align="left"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="4"><tr><td height="1" width="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td><td height="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td><td height="1" width="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td></tr><tr><td width="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td><td height="1" bgcolor="#ffffff"><pre> |
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| 258 | $ANT_HOME/bin/ant -Dtomcat.home=<$TOMCAT_HOME> -Dwebapp.path=<$WEBAPP_PATH> |
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| 259 | </pre></td><td width="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td></tr><tr><td height="1" width="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td><td height="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td><td height="1" width="1" bgcolor="#023264"><img border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="1" width="1" src="./../images/void.gif"></td></tr></table></div> |
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| 260 | </p> |
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| 261 | |
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| 262 | <p> |
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| 263 | Then, the declarations and mappings for the servlets which were generated |
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| 264 | during the precompilation must be added to the web application deployment |
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| 265 | descriptor. Insert the <code>${webapp.path}/WEB-INF/generated_web.xml</code> |
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| 266 | at the right place inside the <code>${webapp.path}/WEB-INF/web.xml</code> file. |
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| 267 | Restart the web application (using the manager) and test it to verify it is |
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| 268 | running fine with precompiled servlets. An appropriate token placed in the |
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| 269 | web application deployment descriptor may also be used to automatically |
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| 270 | insert the generated servlet declarations and mappings using Ant filtering |
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| 271 | capabilities. This is actually how all the webapps distributed with Tomcat |
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| 272 | are automatically compiled as part of the build process. |
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| 273 | </p> |
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| 274 | |
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| 275 | <p> |
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| 276 | At the jasper2 task you can use the option <code>addWebXmlMappings</code> for |
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| 277 | automatic merge the <code>${webapp.path}/WEB-INF/generated_web.xml</code> |
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| 278 | with the current web application deployment descriptor at |
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| 279 | <code>${webapp.path}/WEB-INF/web.xml</code>. When you want to use Java 5 |
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| 280 | features inside your jsp's, add the following javac compiler task attributes: |
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| 281 | <code>source="1.5" target="1.5"</code>. For live |
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| 282 | applications you can also compile with <code>optimize="on"</code> and |
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| 283 | without debug info <code>debug="off"</code>. |
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| 284 | </p> |
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| 285 | |
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| 286 | <p> |
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| 287 | When you don't want to stop the jsp generation at first jsp syntax error, use |
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| 288 | <code>failOnError="false"</code>and with |
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| 289 | <code>showSuccess="true"</code> all successfull <i>jsp to java</i> |
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| 290 | generation are printed out. Sometimes it is very helpfull, when you cleanup the |
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| 291 | generate java source files at <code>${webapp.path}/WEB-INF/src</code> |
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| 292 | and the compile jsp servlet classes at |
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| 293 | <code>${webapp.path}/WEB-INF/classes/org/apache/jsp</code>. |
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| 294 | </p> |
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| 295 | |
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| 296 | <p><strong>Hints:</strong> |
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| 297 | <ul> |
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| 298 | <li> When you switch to another Tomcat release, then regenerate and recompile |
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| 299 | your jsp's with the new Tomcat version.</li> |
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| 300 | <li>Use java system property at server runtime to disable tag pooling |
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| 301 | <code>org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspFactoryImpl.USE_POOL=false</code>. |
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| 302 | and limit the buffering with |
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| 303 | <code>org.apache.jasper.runtime.BodyContentImpl.LIMIT_BUFFER=true</code>. Note |
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| 304 | that changing from the defaults may affect performance, but it will vary |
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| 305 | depending on the application.</li> |
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| 306 | </ul> |
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| 307 | </p> |
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| 308 | </blockquote></td></tr></table><table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font face="arial,helvetica.sanserif" color="#ffffff"><a name="Using Jikes"><strong>Using Jikes</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote> |
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| 309 | |
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| 310 | <p>If you wish to use |
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| 311 | <a href="http://oss.software.ibm.com/developerworks/opensource/jikes/"> |
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| 312 | Jikes</a> to compile JSP pages: |
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| 313 | <ul> |
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| 314 | <li>From your <a href="ant.apache.org">Ant</a> installation, copy ant.jar |
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| 315 | and (if it's available: Ant 1.5 and later) ant-launcher.jar to |
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| 316 | <code>$CATALINA_HOME/lib</code>.</li> |
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| 317 | <li>Download and install jikes. jikes must support the -encoding option. |
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| 318 | Execute <code>jikes -help</code> to verify that it was built with support |
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| 319 | for <code>-encoding</code>.</li> |
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| 320 | <li>Set the init parameter <code>compiler</code> to <code>jikes</code>.</li> |
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| 321 | <li>Define the property <code>-Dbuild.compiler.emacs=true</code> when starting |
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| 322 | Tomcat by adding it to your <code>CATALINA_OPTS</code> environment variable. |
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| 323 | This changes how jikes outputs error messages so that it is compatible with |
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| 324 | Jasper.</li> |
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| 325 | <li>If you get an error reporting that jikes can't use UTF8 encoding, try |
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| 326 | setting the init parameter <code>javaEncoding</code> to |
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| 327 | <code>ISO-8859-1</code>.</li> |
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| 328 | </ul> |
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| 329 | </p> |
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| 330 | |
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| 331 | </blockquote></td></tr></table></td></tr><!--FOOTER SEPARATOR--><tr><td colspan="2"><hr size="1" noshade></td></tr><!--PAGE FOOTER--><tr><td colspan="2"><div align="center"><font size="-1" color="#525D76"><em> |
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| 332 | Copyright © 1999-2008, Apache Software Foundation |
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| 333 | </em></font></div></td></tr></table></body></html> |
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