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1<html><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"><title>Apache Tomcat Architecture - Architecture Overview</title><meta value="Yoav Shapira" name="author"><meta value="yoavs@apache.org" name="email"></head><body vlink="#525D76" alink="#525D76" link="#525D76" text="#000000" bgcolor="#ffffff"><table cellspacing="0" width="100%" border="0"><!--PAGE HEADER--><tr><td><!--PROJECT LOGO--><a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/"><img border="0" alt="
2      The Apache Tomcat Servlet/JSP Container
3    " align="right" src="../images/tomcat.gif"></a></td><td><font face="arial,helvetica,sanserif"><h1>Apache Tomcat 6.0</h1></font></td><td><!--APACHE LOGO--><a href="http://www.apache.org/"><img border="0" alt="Apache Logo" align="right" src="../images/asf-logo.gif"></a></td></tr></table><table cellspacing="4" width="100%" border="0"><!--HEADER SEPARATOR--><tr><td colspan="2"><hr size="1" noshade></td></tr><tr><!--LEFT SIDE NAVIGATION--><td nowrap="true" valign="top" width="20%"><p><strong>Links</strong></p><ul><li><a href="../index.html">Docs Home</a></li></ul><p><strong>Contents</strong></p><ul><li><a href="index.html">Contents</a></li><li><a href="overview.html">Overview</a></li><li><a href="startup.html">Server Startup</a></li><li><a href="requestProcess.html">Request Process</a></li></ul></td><!--RIGHT SIDE MAIN BODY--><td align="left" valign="top" width="80%"><table cellspacing="4" width="100%" border="0"><tr><td valign="top" align="left"><h1>Apache Tomcat Architecture</h1><h2>Architecture Overview</h2></td><td nowrap="true" valign="top" align="right"><small><a href="printer/overview.html"><img alt="Printer Friendly Version" border="0" src="../images/printer.gif"><br>print-friendly<br>version
4                    </a></small></td></tr></table><table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font face="arial,helvetica.sanserif" color="#ffffff"><a name="Overview"><strong>Overview</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
5<p>
6This page provides an overview of the Tomcat server architecture.
7</p>
8</blockquote></td></tr></table><table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font face="arial,helvetica.sanserif" color="#ffffff"><a name="Terms"><strong>Terms</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
9
10<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#828DA6"><font face="arial,helvetica.sanserif" color="#ffffff"><a name="Server"><strong>Server</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
11<p>
12In the Tomcat world, a
13<a href="../config/server.html">Server</a> represents the whole container.
14Tomcat provides a default implementation of the
15<a href="../catalina/docs/api/org/apache/catalina/Server.html">Server interface.</a>,
16and this is rarely customized by users.
17</p>
18</blockquote></td></tr></table>
19
20<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#828DA6"><font face="arial,helvetica.sanserif" color="#ffffff"><a name="Service"><strong>Service</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
21<p>
22A <a href="../config/service.html">Service</a> is an intermediate component
23which lives inside a Server and ties one or more Connectors to exactly one
24Engine.  The Service element is rarely customized by users, as the default
25implementation is simple and sufficient:
26<a href="../catalina/docs/api/org/apache/catalina/Service.html">Service interface</a>.
27</p>
28</blockquote></td></tr></table>
29
30<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#828DA6"><font face="arial,helvetica.sanserif" color="#ffffff"><a name="Engine"><strong>Engine</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
31<p>
32An
33<a href="../config/engine.html">Engine</a> represents request processing
34pipeline for a specific Service.  As a Service may have multiple Connectors,
35the Engine received and processes all requests from these connectors, handing
36the response back to the appropriate connector for transmission to the client.
37The <a href="../catalina/docs/api/org/apache/catalina/Engine.html">Engine interface</a>
38may be implemented to supply custom Engines, though this is uncommon.
39</p>
40<p>
41Note that the Engine may be used for Tomcat server clustering via the
42jvmRoute parameter.  Read the Clustering documentation for more information.
43</p>
44</blockquote></td></tr></table>
45
46<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#828DA6"><font face="arial,helvetica.sanserif" color="#ffffff"><a name="Host"><strong>Host</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
47<p>
48A <a href="../config/host.html">Host</a> is an association of a network name,
49e.g. www.yourcompany.com, to the Tomcat server.  An Engine may contain
50multiple hosts, and the Host element also supports network aliases such as
51yourcompany.com and abc.yourcompany.com.  Users rarely create custom
52<a href="../catalina/docs/api/org/apache/catalina/Host.html">Hosts</a>
53because the
54<a href="../catalina/docs/api/org/apache/catalina/core/StandardHost.html">StandardHost
55implementation</a> provides significant additional functionality.
56</p>
57</blockquote></td></tr></table>
58
59<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#828DA6"><font face="arial,helvetica.sanserif" color="#ffffff"><a name="Connector"><strong>Connector</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
60<p>
61A Connector handles communications with the client.  There are multiple
62connectors available with Tomcat, all of which implement the
63<a href="../catalina/docs/api/org/apache/catalina/Connector.html">Connector
64interface.</a>  These include the
65<a href="../config/coyote.html">Coyote connector</a> which is used for
66most HTTP traffic, especially when running Tomcat as a standalone server,
67and the <a href="../config/jk2.html">JK2 connector</a> which implements
68the AJP procotol used when connecting Tomcat to an Apache HTTPD server.
69Creating a customized connector is a significant effort.
70</p>
71</blockquote></td></tr></table>
72
73<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#828DA6"><font face="arial,helvetica.sanserif" color="#ffffff"><a name="Context"><strong>Context</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
74<p>
75A
76<a href="../config/context.html">Context</a>
77represents a web application.  A Host may contain multiple
78contexts, each with a unique path.  The
79<a href="../catalina/docs/api/org/apache/catalina/Context.html">Context
80interface</a> may be implemented to create custom Contexts, but
81this is rarely the case because the
82<a href="../catalina/docs/api/org/apache/catalina/core/StandardContext.html">
83StandardContext</a> provides significant additional functionality.
84</p>
85</blockquote></td></tr></table>
86</blockquote></td></tr></table><table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font face="arial,helvetica.sanserif" color="#ffffff"><a name="Comments"><strong>Comments</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
87<p>
88Tomcat is designed to be a fast and efficient implementation of the
89Servlet Specification.  Tomcat came about as the reference implementation
90of this specification, and has remained rigorous in adhering to the
91specification.  At the same time, significant attention has been paid
92to Tomcat's performance and it is now on par with other servlet containers,
93including commercial ones.
94</p>
95<p>
96In recent releases of Tomcat, mostly starting with Tomcat 5,
97we have begun effots to make more aspects of Tomcat managable via
98JMX.  In addition, the Manager and Admin webapps have been greatly
99enhanced and improved.  Managability is a primary area of concern
100for us as the product matures and the specification becomes more
101stable.
102</p>
103</blockquote></td></tr></table></td></tr><!--FOOTER SEPARATOR--><tr><td colspan="2"><hr size="1" noshade></td></tr><!--PAGE FOOTER--><tr><td colspan="2"><div align="center"><font size="-1" color="#525D76"><em>
104        Copyright &copy; 1999-2008, Apache Software Foundation
105        </em></font></div></td></tr></table></body></html>
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